发端于 2 0世纪 50年代的知识青年上山下乡运动 ,曾使共约 180 0万知青由城镇迁居农村 ,超过当时全国城镇总人口的 10 %。这场声势浩大且旷日持久的运动起因于中国工业化过程中由城市企业对劳动力吸纳不足而形成的就业压力 ,而运动本身又反过来对城市化产生了巨大影响 ,并直接导致了城市化的迟滞 The movement of educated youth from the 1950s to the countryside brought about 18 million educated youth from urban areas to rural areas, more than 10% of the total urban population in the country at that time. This massive and protracted movement stems from the employment pressure created by the under-absorption of labor by urban enterprises in China’s industrialization process, which in turn has had a huge impact on urbanization and has led directly to the sluggishness of urbanization