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土壤微生物代谢活性与土壤功能直接相关,是评价土壤质量的灵敏的、普适的综合指标.物质的理化或生物变化过程都伴随着热效应,等温微量热技术可精确测定和跟踪此过程,其研究领域广范并带动土壤微生物的代谢热力学研究蓬勃发展.本文首先简要介绍微量热技术、普遍采用的底物诱导法揭示的微生物代谢活性和国内外研究团队.然后重点综述微量热技术在土壤微生物学的主要研究成果,包括代谢热力学可量化微生物对土壤有机碳的同化效率;土壤微生物在短时间内达到最大热释放值,伴随高的生长速率,表明其代谢活性高;代谢热熵(单位微生物热释放值)可指示微生物对土壤有机碳的转化和利用效率,是指示土壤质量的良好指标;外源污染物总体上抑制土壤微生物代谢活性;检测过程中应重视微量热测定的影响因素与条件优化.讨论测定过程中微生物生长条件的标准化和底物问题.最后展望潜在的研究方向,微量热技术与各种技术的有机结合,有望在土壤微生物结构与活性的地理属性、气候变化、土壤质量的空间大尺度比较和外源污染物的生物毒性评价等方面发挥其重要作用.
The metabolic activity of soil microorganisms is directly related to soil function, which is a sensitive and universal comprehensive index to evaluate soil quality.The physicochemical or biological processes of matter are accompanied by thermal effects, and isothermal microcalorimetry can accurately measure and track this process. The field of broad-based and promote the metabolic dynamics of soil microorganisms is booming.This paper first briefly introduces the micro-calorimetry, commonly used substrate induction method reveals the metabolic activity of microorganisms and domestic and foreign research team.And then focuses on micro-calorimetry in soil microbiology The main findings, including metabolic thermodynamics, quantify the assimilation efficiency of soil organic carbon by microorganisms; soil microbes reach their maximum heat release values in a short period of time, with high growth rates indicating high metabolic activity; metabolic heat entropy (unit of microbial heat Release value) can indicate the conversion and utilization efficiency of microorganisms to soil organic carbon, which is a good indicator of soil quality; exogenous contaminants generally inhibit the metabolic activity of soil microorganisms; the impact factors and conditions of microcalorimetry should be emphasized in the detection process Discussion of microbial growth conditions during the assay Standardization and substrate problem.Finally, the potential research direction, the combination of microcalorimetry and various techniques are prospected, and it is expected that in the spatial scale of soil microbial structure and activity, large-scale comparison of the geographical attributes of climate change and soil quality, Biological toxicity evaluation plays an important role.