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高考英语湖北卷完形填空侧重于在语篇整体理解的基础上考查同学们综合运用语言的能力,因此空缺词的设置主要从理解上下文的测试目标出发,20道试题中绝大部分都需要跨越句子层次来理解和推断。从选项的设置来看,单纯的语法知识和固定词语搭配都不作为考点设项,同一题的四个选项一般为同一词类或同一范畴。选词重点集中于动词、名词、形容词或副词等实词上,介词、连词、冠词等虚词的考查相对较少。因此考生要具有较强的语篇语境意识,在看懂全文内容的前提下,通过分析语篇结构,结合上下文语境,通盘考虑,才能做出最佳选择,对该部分的理解程度和对试题的完成情况能充分反映出考生综合运用语言的能力。
1. 先通读,了解大意
完形填空是一篇不完整的短文,所设空白处多为信息性强的关键词语。必须要从整篇文章入手,通篇考虑,联系上下文,运用逻辑思维进行比较判断,才能选出既符合词义、句意,又符合上下文语境的最佳答案。因此解题时应着眼于语篇理解,如果操之过急,见空就填,可能会出现“只见树木,不见森林”的现象。由于这时对文章尚未有一个完整的认识,有的答案选上后在本句中可能讲得通,但语义上可能跟上下文相抵触。这样做题,不仅易错,而且错误的选项所形成的错误理解对后面空格的选择起干扰作用,从而形成“连环错”。因此,正确的做法是先跳过空格通读全文,了解短文的大意及文章的体裁,同时可将一些答案非常明显的题答出,这个过程中我们理清文章脉络,把握文章大意,掌握作者意图,为下一步逐个解题获得分析和判断的依据;同时这样做也可让自己有一种居高临下的心理优势,因而能更好地把握全文,避免掉入选项中的一些“陷阱”。
一般来说,段落通常由主题句、扩展句和结尾句等几部分组成。主题句是段落的核心,它表明作者的观点和态度,同时反映段落的中心思想。在快速浏览全文,掌握大意的过程中,同学们要特别注意文章段落的首尾句,这些句子往往就是整个篇章或段落的主题句。它能让你很快了解文章的体裁、形式、涉及的内容及作者的意图。获得这些重要信息,对做题至关重要。
2. 再精读,初选答案
在了解文章的大意后,可以结合文章内容,逐题做答。在填每个空格时,按照先句法,后语法、语义、逻辑关系以及固定搭配的次序从各个角度进行考虑,初步做出每个小题的答案。在这个过程中注意先易后难,切忌按题号顺序答题,不能确定的先跳过去,因为有些选项上下文联系很强,甚至牵涉到段与段之间逻辑关系。如果停滞不前,不但会打断思路,造成时间上的紧张,而且往往无济于事。要知道,随着文章的空越来越少,整篇文章的意思就会越来越清楚、明白,做题就越顺。
此外,初选答案的过程中,同学们要注意还要从词义理解与词形的辨析以及如因果、比较、对比、让步、补充、递进等逻辑关系等方面去思考。
3. 后复读,核查答案
所有题目做完后(实在做不上来的题目先空着),同学们应从头到尾再次通读全文,这是解题过程中至关重要的一环。此时由于对文章已经有了一个相对完整的了解,通读不仅可以完成此前可能做不上来的题目,还会在复读过程中得到一些启发,发现一些原先没注意到的问题,进而修正选择更符合语篇的答案。
在这一过程中,同学们要注意复读要立足于全篇,仔细推敲,全面验证。检查填入答案后全文是否意思通顺,结构完整,看是不是有相互矛盾的地方。记住不复查、不复读就等于放弃了纠正错误的机会。
【练习】
阅读下面短文,从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
One particular day I had done about 2 weeks’ worth of shopping and was 1 towards the register to pay for my groceries. After the cashier scanned my items, she stated that the 2 was $150.
I 3 into my back right pocket to pay and noticed that there was no money in there. I started to get 4 . I knew that my pocket book was in the car and I was sure I had put 5 in my back right pocket. I looked at the cashier with wet eyes and a 6 look not knowing what to do. She told me to speak with the courtesy counter. I
7 and said, “Really? It’s 8 . No one would hand that in.” but she 9 me to, “You never know ...” she said.
I decided that there was no 10 in checking so I walked up to a woman behind the counter and said,” I have to ask, did anyone 11 cash by any chance?” she asked how much. My face then 12 . I said, “200 in the form of one hundred dollar bills.” She said, “ 13 , yes, someone did!” I was so 14 ! “Who?” I asked, “I want to thank them.” She pointed to a young girl about 10 years old and said, “She did.”
I walked over to the mom and hugged her. She said, “It wasn’t me ... it was my 15 .” I said, “I wanted to thank you both, 16 she found it ...it’s because of you that I get this back.”
The next day at work, a person in another department 17 me tickets to the circus. He handed me 5 tickets. Almost 18 that young girl’s face popped in my head. After work I went back to the supermarket and stopped at the courtesy counter and asked if they had any idea who that woman was? She smiled and said, “Yes, she is a friend of mine.” I asked her to pass along these 5 tickets to her.
She told me that the family of the little girl who found my money didn’t have very much so they would really 19 this. She also said that they had 3 children, so 5 tickets was the 20
number of tickets.
1. A. showed B. retired
C. hesitated D. headed
2. A. percentage B. product
C. total D. luggage
3. A. reached B. searched
C. checked D. looked
4. A. particular B. curious
C. nervous D. serious
5. A. card B. money
C. purse D. grocery
6. A. shocked B. moved
C. inspired D. confused
7. A. laughed B. screamed
C. cried D. blamed
8. A. reality B. evidence
C. cash D. receipt
9. A. postponed B. prompted
C. promoted D. discouraged
10. A. doubt B. need
C. expense D. harm
11. A. work out B. turn in
C. send for D. take away
12. A. broke up B. burst out
C. sent off D. lit up
13. A. Eventually B. Actually
C. Approximately D. Unfortunately
14. A. delighted B. worried
C. surprised D. absorbed
15. A. daughter B. husband
C. mother D. friend
16. A. because B. although
C. however D. besides
17. A. lent B. borrowed
C. produced D. offered
18. A. simply B. constantly
C. instantly D. previously
19. A. reject B. purchase
C. ignore D. appreciate
20. A. unique B. perfect
C. official D. typical
【参考答案与解析】
1. 答案为D。head用作动词,意为“向……走去”。be headed towards“去……地方”。“我”买好了东西向收银台走去付款。
2. 答案为C。收银员扫描了“我”购买的商品,告诉“我”总价是150美元。
3. 答案为A。“我”把手伸进裤子后面右边的口袋里去拿钱。
4. 答案为C。发现口袋里钱不见了,“我”开始紧张起来。particular意为“尤其,特别”,curious意为“好奇的”,serious意为“严肃的;认真的”。
5. 答案为B。记得先前把钱放在了口袋里。
6. 答案为D。“我”不知道怎么办,眼含泪水,带着困惑的表情看着收银员。shocked意为“震惊的;震撼的”,moved意为“感动的”,inspired意为“由灵感而产生的”。
7. 答案为A。收银员告诉“我”去跟服务台联系一下。“我”苦笑着说:“可能吗?我掉的是现金。不会有人交上来的”。scream意为“尖叫;惊叫”,cry意为“哭喊”,blame意为“责备;归咎于”。
8. 答案为C。“我”掉的是现金,捡到的人是不会上交的。reality意为“现实”,evidence意为“证据”,receipt意为“收条,收据;发票”。
9. 答案为B。收银员鼓励“我”去服务台询问一下。prompt意为“激励;鼓舞;怂恿”,postpone意为“延期;延后;延缓”,promote意为“促进;提升;推销”,discourage意为“阻止;使气馁”。
10. 答案为D。去询问一下不会有坏处的。
11. 答案为B。turn in意为“上交”,“我”询问有没有人上交现金。work out意为“解答出;算出”,send for意为“派人去请”,take away意为“拿走”。
12. 答案为D。light up意为“(使)容光焕发;(使)面露喜色”。听到服务台的人问“我”丢了多少钱,“我”的脸色立刻亮了起来。break up意为“(被)分解;(使)分裂”,burst out意为“突然发出”,send off意为“寄出;派遣;给……送行”。
13. 答案为B。actually意为“事实上;实际上”。eventually意为“最后;终于”,approximately意为“大约,近似地”,unfortunately意为“不幸地”。
14. 答案为C。听到真的有人把捡到的现金交了上来,“我”很惊讶。delighted意为“高兴的”,worried意为“担忧的”,absorbed意为“被吸收的;一心一意的”。
15. 答案为A。由下文可知,捡到钱的是这位母亲的女儿。
16. 答案为B。此处表转折。“尽管是你女儿捡到的,我还是要感谢你们两个人。”
17. 答案为D。有人送给“我”几张马戏团的票。
18. 答案为C。收到了5张马戏团的票,“我”立刻想到了那个小女孩。simply意为“简单地;仅仅”,constantly意为“不断地;时常地”,previously意为“在先,在……以前”。
19. 答案为D。appreciate意为“感激”,reject意为“拒绝;排斥”,purchase意为“购买”,ignore意为“忽视;不理睬”。
20. 答案为B。家里一共有5个人,5张票是最完美的数字。unique意为“独一无二的;奇特的”,official意为“官方的;正式的”,typical意为“典型的;特有的”。
1. 先通读,了解大意
完形填空是一篇不完整的短文,所设空白处多为信息性强的关键词语。必须要从整篇文章入手,通篇考虑,联系上下文,运用逻辑思维进行比较判断,才能选出既符合词义、句意,又符合上下文语境的最佳答案。因此解题时应着眼于语篇理解,如果操之过急,见空就填,可能会出现“只见树木,不见森林”的现象。由于这时对文章尚未有一个完整的认识,有的答案选上后在本句中可能讲得通,但语义上可能跟上下文相抵触。这样做题,不仅易错,而且错误的选项所形成的错误理解对后面空格的选择起干扰作用,从而形成“连环错”。因此,正确的做法是先跳过空格通读全文,了解短文的大意及文章的体裁,同时可将一些答案非常明显的题答出,这个过程中我们理清文章脉络,把握文章大意,掌握作者意图,为下一步逐个解题获得分析和判断的依据;同时这样做也可让自己有一种居高临下的心理优势,因而能更好地把握全文,避免掉入选项中的一些“陷阱”。
一般来说,段落通常由主题句、扩展句和结尾句等几部分组成。主题句是段落的核心,它表明作者的观点和态度,同时反映段落的中心思想。在快速浏览全文,掌握大意的过程中,同学们要特别注意文章段落的首尾句,这些句子往往就是整个篇章或段落的主题句。它能让你很快了解文章的体裁、形式、涉及的内容及作者的意图。获得这些重要信息,对做题至关重要。
2. 再精读,初选答案
在了解文章的大意后,可以结合文章内容,逐题做答。在填每个空格时,按照先句法,后语法、语义、逻辑关系以及固定搭配的次序从各个角度进行考虑,初步做出每个小题的答案。在这个过程中注意先易后难,切忌按题号顺序答题,不能确定的先跳过去,因为有些选项上下文联系很强,甚至牵涉到段与段之间逻辑关系。如果停滞不前,不但会打断思路,造成时间上的紧张,而且往往无济于事。要知道,随着文章的空越来越少,整篇文章的意思就会越来越清楚、明白,做题就越顺。
此外,初选答案的过程中,同学们要注意还要从词义理解与词形的辨析以及如因果、比较、对比、让步、补充、递进等逻辑关系等方面去思考。
3. 后复读,核查答案
所有题目做完后(实在做不上来的题目先空着),同学们应从头到尾再次通读全文,这是解题过程中至关重要的一环。此时由于对文章已经有了一个相对完整的了解,通读不仅可以完成此前可能做不上来的题目,还会在复读过程中得到一些启发,发现一些原先没注意到的问题,进而修正选择更符合语篇的答案。
在这一过程中,同学们要注意复读要立足于全篇,仔细推敲,全面验证。检查填入答案后全文是否意思通顺,结构完整,看是不是有相互矛盾的地方。记住不复查、不复读就等于放弃了纠正错误的机会。
【练习】
阅读下面短文,从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
One particular day I had done about 2 weeks’ worth of shopping and was 1 towards the register to pay for my groceries. After the cashier scanned my items, she stated that the 2 was $150.
I 3 into my back right pocket to pay and noticed that there was no money in there. I started to get 4 . I knew that my pocket book was in the car and I was sure I had put 5 in my back right pocket. I looked at the cashier with wet eyes and a 6 look not knowing what to do. She told me to speak with the courtesy counter. I
7 and said, “Really? It’s 8 . No one would hand that in.” but she 9 me to, “You never know ...” she said.
I decided that there was no 10 in checking so I walked up to a woman behind the counter and said,” I have to ask, did anyone 11 cash by any chance?” she asked how much. My face then 12 . I said, “200 in the form of one hundred dollar bills.” She said, “ 13 , yes, someone did!” I was so 14 ! “Who?” I asked, “I want to thank them.” She pointed to a young girl about 10 years old and said, “She did.”
I walked over to the mom and hugged her. She said, “It wasn’t me ... it was my 15 .” I said, “I wanted to thank you both, 16 she found it ...it’s because of you that I get this back.”
The next day at work, a person in another department 17 me tickets to the circus. He handed me 5 tickets. Almost 18 that young girl’s face popped in my head. After work I went back to the supermarket and stopped at the courtesy counter and asked if they had any idea who that woman was? She smiled and said, “Yes, she is a friend of mine.” I asked her to pass along these 5 tickets to her.
She told me that the family of the little girl who found my money didn’t have very much so they would really 19 this. She also said that they had 3 children, so 5 tickets was the 20
number of tickets.
1. A. showed B. retired
C. hesitated D. headed
2. A. percentage B. product
C. total D. luggage
3. A. reached B. searched
C. checked D. looked
4. A. particular B. curious
C. nervous D. serious
5. A. card B. money
C. purse D. grocery
6. A. shocked B. moved
C. inspired D. confused
7. A. laughed B. screamed
C. cried D. blamed
8. A. reality B. evidence
C. cash D. receipt
9. A. postponed B. prompted
C. promoted D. discouraged
10. A. doubt B. need
C. expense D. harm
11. A. work out B. turn in
C. send for D. take away
12. A. broke up B. burst out
C. sent off D. lit up
13. A. Eventually B. Actually
C. Approximately D. Unfortunately
14. A. delighted B. worried
C. surprised D. absorbed
15. A. daughter B. husband
C. mother D. friend
16. A. because B. although
C. however D. besides
17. A. lent B. borrowed
C. produced D. offered
18. A. simply B. constantly
C. instantly D. previously
19. A. reject B. purchase
C. ignore D. appreciate
20. A. unique B. perfect
C. official D. typical
【参考答案与解析】
1. 答案为D。head用作动词,意为“向……走去”。be headed towards“去……地方”。“我”买好了东西向收银台走去付款。
2. 答案为C。收银员扫描了“我”购买的商品,告诉“我”总价是150美元。
3. 答案为A。“我”把手伸进裤子后面右边的口袋里去拿钱。
4. 答案为C。发现口袋里钱不见了,“我”开始紧张起来。particular意为“尤其,特别”,curious意为“好奇的”,serious意为“严肃的;认真的”。
5. 答案为B。记得先前把钱放在了口袋里。
6. 答案为D。“我”不知道怎么办,眼含泪水,带着困惑的表情看着收银员。shocked意为“震惊的;震撼的”,moved意为“感动的”,inspired意为“由灵感而产生的”。
7. 答案为A。收银员告诉“我”去跟服务台联系一下。“我”苦笑着说:“可能吗?我掉的是现金。不会有人交上来的”。scream意为“尖叫;惊叫”,cry意为“哭喊”,blame意为“责备;归咎于”。
8. 答案为C。“我”掉的是现金,捡到的人是不会上交的。reality意为“现实”,evidence意为“证据”,receipt意为“收条,收据;发票”。
9. 答案为B。收银员鼓励“我”去服务台询问一下。prompt意为“激励;鼓舞;怂恿”,postpone意为“延期;延后;延缓”,promote意为“促进;提升;推销”,discourage意为“阻止;使气馁”。
10. 答案为D。去询问一下不会有坏处的。
11. 答案为B。turn in意为“上交”,“我”询问有没有人上交现金。work out意为“解答出;算出”,send for意为“派人去请”,take away意为“拿走”。
12. 答案为D。light up意为“(使)容光焕发;(使)面露喜色”。听到服务台的人问“我”丢了多少钱,“我”的脸色立刻亮了起来。break up意为“(被)分解;(使)分裂”,burst out意为“突然发出”,send off意为“寄出;派遣;给……送行”。
13. 答案为B。actually意为“事实上;实际上”。eventually意为“最后;终于”,approximately意为“大约,近似地”,unfortunately意为“不幸地”。
14. 答案为C。听到真的有人把捡到的现金交了上来,“我”很惊讶。delighted意为“高兴的”,worried意为“担忧的”,absorbed意为“被吸收的;一心一意的”。
15. 答案为A。由下文可知,捡到钱的是这位母亲的女儿。
16. 答案为B。此处表转折。“尽管是你女儿捡到的,我还是要感谢你们两个人。”
17. 答案为D。有人送给“我”几张马戏团的票。
18. 答案为C。收到了5张马戏团的票,“我”立刻想到了那个小女孩。simply意为“简单地;仅仅”,constantly意为“不断地;时常地”,previously意为“在先,在……以前”。
19. 答案为D。appreciate意为“感激”,reject意为“拒绝;排斥”,purchase意为“购买”,ignore意为“忽视;不理睬”。
20. 答案为B。家里一共有5个人,5张票是最完美的数字。unique意为“独一无二的;奇特的”,official意为“官方的;正式的”,typical意为“典型的;特有的”。