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早在一千余年前希波克拉德就提出了气质体液学说 ,气质的定义众多不一。Ｃａｒｅｙ认为气质是个体对环境应答过程中伴有情绪表现的行为方式。Ｒｕｔｔｅｒ认为气质是个体特定行为风格 ,它是简单的、无动机的、无意识的。Ｇｏｌｄｓｍｉｔｈ把唤起应答和表达情绪的个体差异视为
As early as a thousand years ago Hippocrates put forward the theory of temperament and body fluid, temperament defined in many different. Carey believes that temperament is the behavior of individuals with emotional manifestations of environmental responses. Rutter regards temperament as an individual-specific behavior style that is simple, motivated, and unconscious. Goldsmith treats individual differences that evoke responses and express emotions as