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[摘要]目的:评估应用生物功能性义齿修复系统(BPS)修复全口牙列缺失的临床效果。方法:选择60例全口牙列缺失患者,分为牙槽嵴正常组和牙槽嵴低平组,每组分别采用BPS系统和传统方法进行全口义齿修复。于义齿完成后3d、1个月以及3个月复诊,检查口内黏膜压痛点,采用吸光度法测试义齿的咀嚼效率,利用调查问卷测试患者的满意度,然后进行比较。结果:在牙槽嵴正常组,两种方法制作的全口义齿在压痛点的检测、义齿咀嚼效率及患者的满意度方面,差别无统计学意义(P>0.05);在牙槽嵴低平组,与传统方法制作的全口义齿相比较,BPS法制作的全口义齿压痛点少、义齿咀嚼效率及患者的满意度高,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:BPS全口义齿在牙槽嵴低平患者的修复治疗中,较传统方法制作的义齿有明显优势。
[关键词]生物功能性义齿修复系统;牙列缺失;吸光度法;咀嚼效率;满意度调查
[中图分类号]R783.6 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]1008-6455(2020)03-0119-04
Abstract: Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of the application of biological functional denture restoration system (BPS) in the restoration of edentulous. Methods 60 patients with edentulous were selected and divided into normal alveolar ridge group and low alveolar ridge group. BPS system and traditional method were used for complete denture restoration in each group. After the denture was completed 3 days, 1 month and 3 months later, the pressure points were checked, the chewing efficiency of the denture was tested by absorbance method and the satisfaction of the patients was tested by questionnaire and then compared. Results In the normal alveolar ridge group, there was no significant difference between the two methods in the detection of pressure points, chewing efficiency of the denture and patient satisfaction (P>0.05). In the low alveolar ridge level group, compared with the traditional method of complete denture, BPS complete denture has fewer tenderness points, better denture mastication efficiency and patient satisfaction, and the difference is statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion BPS complete denture has obvious advantages over conventional denture in the restoration of patients with low alveolar ridge.
Key words: Biofunctional Prosthetic System(BPS); edentulous; absorptiometry; masticatory efficiency; satisfaction survey
我國老龄化趋势已日益显著,牙列缺失患者亦逐步增多。由于牙齿及颌位关系的丧失,且因寿命延长,全口牙列缺失患者更换义齿的机会越来越多。尤其对于那些牙槽骨吸收严重的患者,每次更换义齿的过程中,都有因牙槽嵴的降低以及戴用不合适的旧义齿引发其他口腔病变的可能性。利用传统方法制作的全口义齿,患者戴用后往往出现固位力欠佳、义齿易松动脱落、黏膜易疼痛及咀嚼效率低等情况[1]。因此, 针对牙槽骨吸收严重的患者,如何改善全口义齿修复后的咀嚼效率,提高义齿的固位力与稳定性,是全口义齿修复的重点及难点。生物功能性修复系统(Biofunctional Prosthetic System ,BPS)是由义获嘉公司推出的义齿修复系统, 在生物功能原则的基础上, 制作出的全口义齿具有高标准、高精度及品牌化等特征, 是目前临床工作中最完善的义齿修复系统之一[2]。本研究中,笔者选取全口牙列缺失患者,采用BPS全口义齿和传统全口义齿进行修复,然后检测两种义齿的咀嚼效率,分析患者咀嚼功能的恢复情况,并将修复效果进行统计学分析,现将结果报道如下。
1 资料和方法
1.1 一般资料:选取2018年8月-2019年3月在笔者医院就诊的全口牙列缺失患者共60例,年龄60~85岁, 平均年龄72.5岁。根据Atwood和Cawood[3]分类中的第1类及第4类,将患者分为两组,即牙槽嵴正常组和牙槽嵴低平组, 每组30例患者, 再将每组分为BPS全口义齿修复组和传统全口义齿修复组, 每组15例患者。所有临床操作指定一名高级职称医师完成, 技工操作则由一名主管技师完成。 1.2 方法
1.2.1 BPS全口义齿修复组:选择硅橡胶印模材料、二次印模法制取初印模。利用息止颌位法, 确定患者的垂直距离,再选择BPS制作套件中的正中颌托盘和硅橡胶印模材料取得正中咬合状态下的颌位关系,交由技工室上牙合架,以光固化树脂材料制作个别托盘。返回临床后,选择硅橡胶材料制取闭口功能性印模, 应用面弓转移上颌对颞下颌关节的位置关系,选用哥特式弓获得患者正确的咬合关系,在技工制作中心应用全可调式牙合架完成排牙、调牙合,制作出全口义齿蜡型,患者试戴满意后注塑加工完成, 临床初戴[4-8]。过程见图1~2。
1.2.2 传统全口义齿修复组:选择硅橡胶印模材料、两次印模法完成印模的制取, 常规完成蜡堤的制作, 利用息止颌位法确定患者的垂直距离、吞咽法确定水平颌位关系,交由技工室进行上牙合架、排牙、调牙合及制作蜡型, 返回临床患者试戴满意无误后再进行注塑加工完成, 最后进行临床初戴[9-13]。
1.3 评价方法
1.3.1 压痛点的观察:嘱患者临床初戴义齿3d后复诊,进行黏膜压痛点的观察与记录[14],统计上下颌义齿的压痛点数量。
1.3.2 咀嚼效率评价:全口义齿修复1个月后,嘱患者复诊,进行全口义齿咀嚼效率的测定。称取5g去皮干花生米,嘱患者咀嚼,3s后收集义齿表面及口腔内咀嚼物, 再冲洗义齿表面及口内黏膜,将收集到的咀嚼物及冲洗液置入烧杯,加蒸馏水至1 000ml,搅拌1min后静置2min。吸取量筒中上1/3悬浊液于比色皿中,利用722型分光光度仪,以蒸馏水为对照, 590nm波长下测试[15-19],见图3。
1.3.3 治疗效果评价:全口义齿修复3个月后嘱患者复查, 邀请患者对义齿的整体修复效果进行评价, 将评价等级分为满意和不满意[20]。
1.4 统计学分析:采用SPSS 12.0软件进行统计分析, 采用卡方检验分析患者的主观评价结果, 采用t检验分析压痛点的数量及义齿的咀嚼效率,P<0.05具有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 压痛点的数量:患者临床初戴义齿3d后复查,在牙槽嵴正常组,BPS全口义齿组平均压痛点为0.5个,传统全口义齿组平均为2.1个,差异无统计学意义;在牙槽嵴低平组,BPS全口义齿组平均压痛点为1.6个,传统全口义齿组平均为4.7个,差异有统计学意义。
2.2 咀嚼效率的测定:全口义齿修复1个月后,在牙槽嵴正常组, BPS组和传统组吸光度值的差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05), 即在牙槽嵴正常的无牙颌患者,两种全口义齿都能较好地恢复咀嚼功能;但在牙槽嵴低平组, BPS组的吸光度值明显高于传统组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),说明针对牙槽嵴低平的患者,BPS全口义齿相较于传统全口义齿能更好地恢复患者的咀嚼功能,见表1。
2.3 治疗效果评价:经卡方检验, 在牙槽嵴正常组中,BPS组和传统全口义齿组的患者满意率比较无统计学意义(P>0.05);在牙槽嵴低平组中, 患者对BPS全口义齿与传统全口义齿治疗情况的评价存在显著性差异(P<0.05),BPS全口义齿组的患者满意率高于传统全口义齿组,见表2。
3 讨论
3.1 BPS生物功能性全口义齿的优势:傳统方法制作全口义齿时,多采用开口式印模法取模,唇颊舌侧边缘黏膜及系带等软组织难以充分主动整塑,基托边缘伸展不理想,导致义齿修复后固位差,且易出现黏膜疼痛、溃疡等,从而使整体修复效果欠佳。而BPS法制作全口义齿时,多采用闭口式印模法,印模的精确性更高,尤其针对牙槽嵴严重萎缩、低平的无牙颌患者,唇颊舌沟等软组织处可获得更好的整塑,从而明显提高全口义齿的固位效果[21-24]。此外,BPS法制作全口义齿时的颌位关系记录与转移、试牙、义齿初戴等临床操作及义齿蜡型制作、装盒等技术室操作也都与常规全口义齿制作方法不同,整个加工过程更精确[25-28]。Verhaeghe[29]等研究指出,针对那些牙槽骨吸收明显的患者,尤其下颌后牙区吸收呈现刃状牙槽嵴时,若按照传统方法制作全口义齿,在义齿固位力、稳定性等方面可能难以达到理想的要求,且受力后易出现黏膜疼痛、咀嚼效率低的情况,影响患者的使用。按照BPS法制作全口义齿,可适当解决以上问题,改善患者义齿使用效果。从本研究中BPS组患者修复后的效果可见,应用BPS法全口义齿修复后,患者的使用体验较好,对修复效果也非常满意,对今后的临床工作有很好的指导意义。
3.2 临床患者的选择上需注意的问题:在BPS组,笔者发现有些患者因年纪较大,在配合医师操作方面略显吃力,在第二次就诊利用哥特式弓描记时,理解能力略差,使临床操作时间较长,对身体状况差的患者而言,整个临床过程配合下来较为疲惫,对后期义齿制作的效果也有所影响。这也提醒大家今后在患者选择方面,在可能的情况下,应尽量兼顾到患者的理解力和身体状况,使临床修复效果更佳。
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[收稿日期]2019-09-27
本文引用格式:賈爽,叶荣荣,王德芳,等.生物功能性全口义齿修复牙列缺失的临床疗效评估[J].中国美容医学,2020,29(3):119-122.
[关键词]生物功能性义齿修复系统;牙列缺失;吸光度法;咀嚼效率;满意度调查
[中图分类号]R783.6 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]1008-6455(2020)03-0119-04
Abstract: Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of the application of biological functional denture restoration system (BPS) in the restoration of edentulous. Methods 60 patients with edentulous were selected and divided into normal alveolar ridge group and low alveolar ridge group. BPS system and traditional method were used for complete denture restoration in each group. After the denture was completed 3 days, 1 month and 3 months later, the pressure points were checked, the chewing efficiency of the denture was tested by absorbance method and the satisfaction of the patients was tested by questionnaire and then compared. Results In the normal alveolar ridge group, there was no significant difference between the two methods in the detection of pressure points, chewing efficiency of the denture and patient satisfaction (P>0.05). In the low alveolar ridge level group, compared with the traditional method of complete denture, BPS complete denture has fewer tenderness points, better denture mastication efficiency and patient satisfaction, and the difference is statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion BPS complete denture has obvious advantages over conventional denture in the restoration of patients with low alveolar ridge.
Key words: Biofunctional Prosthetic System(BPS); edentulous; absorptiometry; masticatory efficiency; satisfaction survey
我國老龄化趋势已日益显著,牙列缺失患者亦逐步增多。由于牙齿及颌位关系的丧失,且因寿命延长,全口牙列缺失患者更换义齿的机会越来越多。尤其对于那些牙槽骨吸收严重的患者,每次更换义齿的过程中,都有因牙槽嵴的降低以及戴用不合适的旧义齿引发其他口腔病变的可能性。利用传统方法制作的全口义齿,患者戴用后往往出现固位力欠佳、义齿易松动脱落、黏膜易疼痛及咀嚼效率低等情况[1]。因此, 针对牙槽骨吸收严重的患者,如何改善全口义齿修复后的咀嚼效率,提高义齿的固位力与稳定性,是全口义齿修复的重点及难点。生物功能性修复系统(Biofunctional Prosthetic System ,BPS)是由义获嘉公司推出的义齿修复系统, 在生物功能原则的基础上, 制作出的全口义齿具有高标准、高精度及品牌化等特征, 是目前临床工作中最完善的义齿修复系统之一[2]。本研究中,笔者选取全口牙列缺失患者,采用BPS全口义齿和传统全口义齿进行修复,然后检测两种义齿的咀嚼效率,分析患者咀嚼功能的恢复情况,并将修复效果进行统计学分析,现将结果报道如下。
1 资料和方法
1.1 一般资料:选取2018年8月-2019年3月在笔者医院就诊的全口牙列缺失患者共60例,年龄60~85岁, 平均年龄72.5岁。根据Atwood和Cawood[3]分类中的第1类及第4类,将患者分为两组,即牙槽嵴正常组和牙槽嵴低平组, 每组30例患者, 再将每组分为BPS全口义齿修复组和传统全口义齿修复组, 每组15例患者。所有临床操作指定一名高级职称医师完成, 技工操作则由一名主管技师完成。 1.2 方法
1.2.1 BPS全口义齿修复组:选择硅橡胶印模材料、二次印模法制取初印模。利用息止颌位法, 确定患者的垂直距离,再选择BPS制作套件中的正中颌托盘和硅橡胶印模材料取得正中咬合状态下的颌位关系,交由技工室上牙合架,以光固化树脂材料制作个别托盘。返回临床后,选择硅橡胶材料制取闭口功能性印模, 应用面弓转移上颌对颞下颌关节的位置关系,选用哥特式弓获得患者正确的咬合关系,在技工制作中心应用全可调式牙合架完成排牙、调牙合,制作出全口义齿蜡型,患者试戴满意后注塑加工完成, 临床初戴[4-8]。过程见图1~2。
1.2.2 传统全口义齿修复组:选择硅橡胶印模材料、两次印模法完成印模的制取, 常规完成蜡堤的制作, 利用息止颌位法确定患者的垂直距离、吞咽法确定水平颌位关系,交由技工室进行上牙合架、排牙、调牙合及制作蜡型, 返回临床患者试戴满意无误后再进行注塑加工完成, 最后进行临床初戴[9-13]。
1.3 评价方法
1.3.1 压痛点的观察:嘱患者临床初戴义齿3d后复诊,进行黏膜压痛点的观察与记录[14],统计上下颌义齿的压痛点数量。
1.3.2 咀嚼效率评价:全口义齿修复1个月后,嘱患者复诊,进行全口义齿咀嚼效率的测定。称取5g去皮干花生米,嘱患者咀嚼,3s后收集义齿表面及口腔内咀嚼物, 再冲洗义齿表面及口内黏膜,将收集到的咀嚼物及冲洗液置入烧杯,加蒸馏水至1 000ml,搅拌1min后静置2min。吸取量筒中上1/3悬浊液于比色皿中,利用722型分光光度仪,以蒸馏水为对照, 590nm波长下测试[15-19],见图3。
1.3.3 治疗效果评价:全口义齿修复3个月后嘱患者复查, 邀请患者对义齿的整体修复效果进行评价, 将评价等级分为满意和不满意[20]。
1.4 统计学分析:采用SPSS 12.0软件进行统计分析, 采用卡方检验分析患者的主观评价结果, 采用t检验分析压痛点的数量及义齿的咀嚼效率,P<0.05具有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 压痛点的数量:患者临床初戴义齿3d后复查,在牙槽嵴正常组,BPS全口义齿组平均压痛点为0.5个,传统全口义齿组平均为2.1个,差异无统计学意义;在牙槽嵴低平组,BPS全口义齿组平均压痛点为1.6个,传统全口义齿组平均为4.7个,差异有统计学意义。
2.2 咀嚼效率的测定:全口义齿修复1个月后,在牙槽嵴正常组, BPS组和传统组吸光度值的差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05), 即在牙槽嵴正常的无牙颌患者,两种全口义齿都能较好地恢复咀嚼功能;但在牙槽嵴低平组, BPS组的吸光度值明显高于传统组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),说明针对牙槽嵴低平的患者,BPS全口义齿相较于传统全口义齿能更好地恢复患者的咀嚼功能,见表1。
2.3 治疗效果评价:经卡方检验, 在牙槽嵴正常组中,BPS组和传统全口义齿组的患者满意率比较无统计学意义(P>0.05);在牙槽嵴低平组中, 患者对BPS全口义齿与传统全口义齿治疗情况的评价存在显著性差异(P<0.05),BPS全口义齿组的患者满意率高于传统全口义齿组,见表2。
3 讨论
3.1 BPS生物功能性全口义齿的优势:傳统方法制作全口义齿时,多采用开口式印模法取模,唇颊舌侧边缘黏膜及系带等软组织难以充分主动整塑,基托边缘伸展不理想,导致义齿修复后固位差,且易出现黏膜疼痛、溃疡等,从而使整体修复效果欠佳。而BPS法制作全口义齿时,多采用闭口式印模法,印模的精确性更高,尤其针对牙槽嵴严重萎缩、低平的无牙颌患者,唇颊舌沟等软组织处可获得更好的整塑,从而明显提高全口义齿的固位效果[21-24]。此外,BPS法制作全口义齿时的颌位关系记录与转移、试牙、义齿初戴等临床操作及义齿蜡型制作、装盒等技术室操作也都与常规全口义齿制作方法不同,整个加工过程更精确[25-28]。Verhaeghe[29]等研究指出,针对那些牙槽骨吸收明显的患者,尤其下颌后牙区吸收呈现刃状牙槽嵴时,若按照传统方法制作全口义齿,在义齿固位力、稳定性等方面可能难以达到理想的要求,且受力后易出现黏膜疼痛、咀嚼效率低的情况,影响患者的使用。按照BPS法制作全口义齿,可适当解决以上问题,改善患者义齿使用效果。从本研究中BPS组患者修复后的效果可见,应用BPS法全口义齿修复后,患者的使用体验较好,对修复效果也非常满意,对今后的临床工作有很好的指导意义。
3.2 临床患者的选择上需注意的问题:在BPS组,笔者发现有些患者因年纪较大,在配合医师操作方面略显吃力,在第二次就诊利用哥特式弓描记时,理解能力略差,使临床操作时间较长,对身体状况差的患者而言,整个临床过程配合下来较为疲惫,对后期义齿制作的效果也有所影响。这也提醒大家今后在患者选择方面,在可能的情况下,应尽量兼顾到患者的理解力和身体状况,使临床修复效果更佳。
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[收稿日期]2019-09-27
本文引用格式:賈爽,叶荣荣,王德芳,等.生物功能性全口义齿修复牙列缺失的临床疗效评估[J].中国美容医学,2020,29(3):119-122.