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当前,我国乱收费的形态主要表现在下述几方面:(一)收费原则乱。在西方主要市场经济国家,收费遵循服务——收益原则,而我国的收费,却是按照按需而征的原则设计的。这种按需而征的收费原则,直接的后果是滋生了收费主体乱,深层的危害别是使收费演变成了一种利益驱动机制。1.收费主体乱。收费主体本来有明确的法律界定和行为界定,有严格的行政授权和范围限制。然而,按需而征的收费原则使得现实中几乎不存在不收费的部门和单位。2.收费演变成了一种利益驱动机制。按需而征的收费原则,背离了收费作为政府规制管理手段的本来面目,使之成为了一种难以遏制的利益驱动机制。政府的收入机制因此不规范,政府的行为机制也因此而扭曲。
At present, the forms of arbitrary charges in our country are mainly manifested in the following aspects: (1) The charging principle is chaotic. In the major market economies of the West, fees follow the principle of service-revenue. However, the fees and charges in our country are designed on the basis of the principle of “demand-based”. This principle of collecting fees on an as-needed basis directly infringes upon the main body of charge fees, and the deeper danger is that the charges have evolved into a profit-driven mechanism. 1. charge the main chaos. Charges had a clear legal definition of the main and behavioral boundaries, there are strict administrative authority and scope restrictions. However, the principle of collecting fees on demand makes practically no departments and units free of charge. 2. Charges evolved into a profit-driven mechanism. The principle of collecting fees on demand, which departs from the fees and charges as the original means of government regulation and management, makes it an interest-driven mechanism that is difficult to contain. As a result, the government’s income mechanism is not standardized and the government’s behavioral mechanism is distorted.