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我国集约化种植条件下,广大菜农为追求生产效益长期大量施用高氮磷含量的化肥和有机肥,造成肥料利用率降低、土壤养分失衡、盐分累积、生态环境恶化等问题。现针对保护地施肥现状及氮肥对其土壤质量的影响进行了简要分析,并提出减量施肥是基本防治对策,以期为指导农业生产、发展可持续农业提供理论依据。
Under the conditions of intensive cultivation in China, the majority of vegetable growers use large quantities of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers with high nitrogen and phosphorus content in a long-term pursuit of production efficiency, resulting in problems of reduced fertilizer utilization rate, soil nutrient imbalance, salt accumulation and deterioration of ecological environment. The current status of fertilization in protected areas and the impact of nitrogen fertilizer on soil quality are briefly analyzed. It is suggested that reducing fertilization is the basic prevention and control measure, in order to provide a theoretical basis for guiding agricultural production and developing sustainable agriculture.