中毒性视网膜病变可由下列因素引起:(1)局部用药物;(2)全身用药物;(3)眼内金属异物。局部用药物能引起视网膜损害所知的唯一药物是肾上腺素。肾上腺素滴在无晶体眼可产生囊样黄斑水肿,有时伴有火焰状视网膜小出血,有20-30%病例可发生这种情况。有人认为是由于来自黄斑周围的毛细血管床的液体浸润视网膜外丛状层所致。停药后黄斑水肿减退,视力改善;而当再次滴药时,水肿又加重。 Toxic retinopathy can be caused by the following factors: (1) topical drugs; (2) systemic drugs; and (3) intraocular metallic foreign bodies. The only drug known to topically cause retinal damage is epinephrine. Epinephrine drops in aphakia can produce cystoid macular edema, sometimes accompanied by flaming retinal hemorrhage, 20-30% of cases can happen. It is believed that this is due to infiltration of the extra-retinal plexiform layer by liquid from the capillary bed around the macula. After the withdrawal of macular edema, visual acuity improved; and when dropping again, edema and aggravate.