桉树(Eucalyptus)是我国南方重要的造林树种,具有生长快、材质好、用途广等优点,发展桉树对增加森林资源、维护木材安全具有重要意义。我国现有桉树人工林360多万hm2,开展桉树育种研究和制定育种策略是一项基础性的工作,对于提高桉树人工林的产量和质量,促进其可持续发展,具有战略指导意义。文中从我国桉树种质资源保存、选择育种、杂交育种到高世代育种等方面对桉树育种进行了全面阐述,并提出一套适合中国国情的桉树育种宏观策略。 Eucalyptus is an important afforestation species in South China. It has the advantages of fast growing, good material, wide use and so on. It is of great significance to develop eucalyptus to increase forest resources and maintain wood security. The existing Eucalyptus plantations in our country have more than 3.6 million hm2. It is a basic work to carry out eucalypt breeder breeding research and breeding strategy, which is of strategic guiding significance for improving the yield and quality of Eucalyptus plantation and promoting its sustainable development. In this paper, eucalyptus breeding has been comprehensively elaborated from conservation, selection breeding, crossbreeding to high-generation breeding of eucalyptus germplasm resources in China, and a macro-strategy of eucalypt breeding that suits China’s national conditions has been proposed.