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分子组装的范畴和复杂性远大于合成反应,但是它们有着相同目标,即高选择性和高效率地创造新物质和制备新功能材料.因此,我们尝试将合成中广泛应用的催化概念拓展至组装研究,提出用于调控和加速组装过程的催组装(cassemblysis)的新思路.为此,我们将迄今泛用的自组装、助组装等术语重新进行规范和分类,即所有的分子组装可分为自组装和助组装.绝大多数组装属于助组装,这可进一步分为催组装、共组装和外场助组装3大类.催组装中的催组剂(cassemblyst)类似于合成中的催化剂,可在不改变总吉布斯自由能变化的条件下加速组装过程,催组装因此有望成为在分子以上层次高选择性且高效率地创造新物质的最佳途径.一些催组装体系在组装之后还会进一步进行化学耦联反应,由此显著提高产物的稳定性,组装与耦联总过程可称为催组联(catassemblysis).我们分别在小分子和生物大分子两个层次上,分析说明了迄今已被不自觉使用的催组装和催组联的一些典型事例,提出了光电催组装的设想,比较了与催组装关联的纳米粒子组装体系,探讨了与催组装相关的简要模型和机理.本文强调,在开展可控组装研究中,不仅要设计与合成各种新组装基元,而且要注重构建催组剂和催组联剂,发展催组装的实验和理论方法学,揭示催组剂作用于组装基元的机理,将有望推动可控组装在创造新物质和制备新功能材料方面发挥更大作用.
The scope and complexity of molecular assembly is far greater than that of synthetic reactions, but they all share the same goal of creating new materials with high selectivity and efficiency and preparing new functional materials. Therefore, we try to extend the catalytic concept widely used in synthesis to assembly Research and put forward a new idea for regulating and accelerating the assembly process (cassemblysis) of the assembly process.To this end, we have to date the general self-assembly, assembly and other terms to re-regulate and classification, that is, all the molecular assembly can be divided into Self-assembly and help assembly.Most of the assembly belongs to the auxiliary assembly, which can be further divided into three categories: catalytic assembly, co-assembly and field assisted assembly.Catalyst assembly in the assembly is similar to the catalyst in the synthesis, Accelerating the assembly process without changing the total Gibbs free energy changes is likely to be the best way to create new materials with high selectivity and high efficiency above the molecular level. Some assembly systems are still assembled Further chemical coupling reaction, thereby significantly improving the stability of the product, the assembly and coupling of the total process can be called catching assembly (catassemblysis) .We were in the small And biomacromolecules, some typical cases of the assembly and the assembly of catalysis, which have hitherto been unconsciously used, are analyzed and the tentative proposals for photoelectrocatalytic assembly are proposed. The assembly system of nano-particles associated with catalysis assembly is compared , Discusses the brief assembly model and mechanism related to assembly.We emphasize that in the study of controllable assembly, we should not only design and synthesize various new assembly elements, but also pay attention to the construction of catalyst and catalyst, develop The experimental and theoretical methodology of catalysis assembly, revealing the mechanism by which catalysants act on assembly motifs, is expected to drive controlled assembly to play a greater role in creating new materials and preparing new functional materials.