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采用控制浇水量的方法设计土壤相对含水量低(45%～50%)、中(60%～75%)、高(75%～100%)3个处理,研究对茴香生长与精油含量及其组分的影响。结果表明,随着土壤含水量的升高,茴香株高、植株节数、根干质量、地上部干质量、全株干质量、全碳含量、单株精油产量和叶绿素a/b均随之升高,而根冠比和全氮、蛋白氮、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素的含量均随之下降;中等含水量处理的植株花序数和精油、可溶性糖含量较高,低和高含水量处理的则较低;不同处理茴香植株,其精油共鉴定出22种成分,除α-蒎烯、香桧烯、β-蒎烯、γ-萜品烯、萜品油烯、肉豆蔻醚6种成分相对含量差异不显著外,其余16种成分相对含量均表现出显著或极显著差异;随着土壤含水量的增大,精油的第一主要成分反式-茴香脑含量呈升高趋势,低、中、高含水量处理其含量依次为41.34%、53.87%和62.97%,第二主要成分柠檬烯含量与反式-茴香脑含量变化相反,其3个处理依次为44.77%、34.77%和22.16%。因此,低和高土壤含水量处理分别有利于茴香柠檬烯和反式-茴香脑的积累。
The method of controlling watering volume was used to design three treatments of low relative soil moisture (45% ~ 50%), medium (60% ~ 75%) and high (75% ~ 100% The impact of its components. The results showed that plant height, plant number, root dry weight, aboveground dry weight, dry weight of whole plant, total carbon content, yield of essential oil and chlorophyll a / b of fennel all followed the increase of soil water content The root-shoot ratio, total nitrogen, protein nitrogen, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid decreased. The number of inflorescences, the content of essential oil and soluble sugar in medium water content were higher, lower and higher The content of water was lower than that of the control. The fennel plants of different treatments were identified 22 kinds of essential oils, except α-pinene, sabinene, β-pinene, γ-terpinene, terpinolene, Ether relative content of six kinds of ingredients was not significant difference, the other 16 kinds of ingredients relative content showed significant or very significant difference; with the increase of soil moisture, the essential oil of the first major ingredient trans-aniseed content was increased The content of the second main component, limonene, contrasted with that of trans-anethole in the order of 41.34%, 53.87% and 62.97%, respectively. The three treatments were 44.77%, 34.77% And 22.16%. Therefore, treatment of low and high soil moisture, respectively, favors the accumulation of fennel, limonene and trans-anethole.