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目的通过开展病媒生物监测,掌握安康市中心城区主要病媒生物的种群、密度、分布及其消长规律,为科学防制提供依据。方法依据全国病媒生物监测方案和病媒生物密度监测方法,成蚊密度调查采用灯诱法,蝇类密度调查采用笼诱法,鼠类密度调查采用夹夜法,蟑螂密度调查采用粘捕法。结果蚊类有4属5种,总密度0.842只/(灯·h),淡色库蚊为优势蚊种,占捕获总数的62.56%,以牲畜棚圈蚊密度最高,7~9月为密度高峰期;蝇类有3科4属5种,总密度1.09只/笼,棕尾别麻蝇为优势蝇种,占捕获总数的41.39%,以绿化带苍蝇密度最高,9月为密度高峰期;鼠类有1科2属3种,平均密度0.14%,黄胸鼠为优势种,占捕获总数的60.00%,以城镇居民区鼠密度较高;蟑螂有2科2属2种,密度0.345只/张,德国小蠊为优势种群,占捕获总数的99.19%,以农贸市场密度最高,9月为密度高峰期。结论安康市城区病媒生物密度较往年明显下降,蚊、蝇密度仍然较高,蟑螂侵害范围逐步扩大,密度有增高趋势。防制工作仍需以环境治理为主,需采取综合防制措施,从源头上抑制孳生,并附以化学药物的杀灭,依法、科学、规范保障病媒生物可持续性控制。
Objective To monitor the population, density, distribution and growth and decline of major vectors in downtown Ankang by means of vector bio-monitoring and provide basis for scientific prevention and control. Methods According to the national vector bio-monitoring program and vector bio-density monitoring method, the investigation of adult mosquito density using light-induced method, flies density survey using cage-induced method, rodents density survey using the method of night capture, . Results There were 4 genera and 5 species of mosquitoes with a total density of 0.842 / (lamp · h). Culex pipiens pallens were dominant mosquito species, accounting for 62.56% of the total number of captured mosquitoes. The mosquito density was the highest in livestock sheds and the peak density in July-September ; Flies have 3 families, 4 genera and 5 species, the total density of 1.09 / cage, brown tail flies are dominant flies species, accounting for 41.39% of the total number of captured flies in the green belt highest density in September for the peak density; There are 1 species, 2 genera and 3 species, the average density of 0.14%, the dominant species of Rattus flavipectus, accounting for 60.00% of the total number of captured to urban residents higher density rat; cockroaches have 2 families 2 genera and 2 species, the density of 0.345 / Zhang Blattella germanica was the dominant species, accounting for 99.19% of the total catch, with the highest density in the farmer’s market and the highest density in September. Conclusion The density of vector in Ankang City decreased significantly compared with that in previous years, the density of mosquito and fly was still high, the range of cockroach infiltration was gradually enlarged, and the density increased. The prevention work still needs to be dominated by environmental management. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken to curb breeding from the source and be accompanied by the killing of chemical drugs. The sustainable control of vector organisms should be guaranteed according to law, science and norms.