对通常的金属和合金施加压力,一到确定的应力值,就急剧开始变形。把这种急烈开始变形的现象叫作屈服,在发生屈服后的变形称为塑性变形。塑性变形发生后的变形称为塑性变形。塑性变形发生后,即使取消外力也不会还原成变形前的形状。即使再加热也不会还原,而永久保持变形。塑性变形一般是因外力使滑移面移动因位错滑出结晶面而发生的现象。由于位错运动是非可逆过程,故不论去除外力也好,加热也好,当然是仍要永久保持变形后的状态。 Pressure is applied to the usual metals and alloys and the deformation begins sharply as soon as a certain stress level is reached. The phenomenon of such a sharp start of deformation is called yielding and the deformation after yielding is called plastic deformation. Deformation after plastic deformation is called plastic deformation. Plastic deformation occurs, even if the removal of external force will not be restored to the shape before deformation. Even if reheating it will not restore, but permanently maintain the deformation. Plastic deformation is generally due to external forces to slip surface movement due to dislocation slip out of the crystal surface and the phenomenon. As dislocation movement is irreversible process, so whether to remove the external force Ye Hao, Ye Hao, of course, is still to maintain the state of permanent deformation.