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对农业外部性的识别和评价是政府加大对“三农”支持力度,实施各项农业支持政策的基本依据。本文以蜂业补贴政策为例,基于外部性理论,利用国家蜂产业体系固定观察点调查数据,结合我国蜂业发展特点和国内外相关行业的支持政策,分析了蜂业补贴政策的突破口和支持框架,并对补贴政策的效果进行预测和分析。研究表明,开展养蜂车购置补贴是促进蜂业产业发展的突破口,可以有效应对运输、饲料、雇工成本持续上升等问题,吸引年轻人加入养蜂行业,提高养蜂业的机械装备水平。同时实施养蜂车购置补贴也是目前最可行、最合理且经济的外部性内在化手段。
The identification and evaluation of agricultural externalities are the basic basis for the government to increase its support for agriculture, rural areas and farmers and implement various agricultural support policies. Based on the externality theory and using the survey data from fixed observation points of the national bee industry system, this paper analyzes the breakthrough and support of the bee subsidy policy based on the development characteristics of our country’s bee industry and the supporting policies of the related industries at home and abroad Framework and forecast and analyze the effect of subsidy policy. The research shows that the subsidy for the purchase of bee-keeping vehicles is a breakthrough to promote the development of apiculture industry. It can effectively cope with such issues as the transportation, feed and the cost of hiring and continues to increase, attracting young people to the bee-keeping industry and raising the level of machinery and equipment of bee-keeping. At the same time the implementation of the purchase of bee car subsidies is currently the most viable, most rational and economical means of internalization of externalities.