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西方是在与非西方社会的比较中得到更为明确的界定的。在西方的文化视野中,对非西方固然有着某种程度的理性认知,但也不乏充满错觉的想像,即以一种与“自我”不同的“他者”形象不断建构非西方的历史身份,从而创造出一个与真实存在不尽相同的非西方。西方的非西方想像体现了西方对他者的控制与重构,是西方表达自我优越意识的一种霸权话语。文章考察了古典时代至18世纪西方表述他者的话语体系,分析了产生这种想像的文化和社会原因,由此说明西方是怎样逐步形成与非西方对立,并最终取得对后者的优势地位。
The West is more clearly defined in its comparison with non-Western societies. In Western cultural perspective, although there is a certain degree of rational cognition in non-western countries, there is also a plethora of illusionary images that constantly construct non-Western historical identities with an image of “otherness” different from “self” , Thus creating a non-West that is different from the real one. Western non-Western imagination embodies the control and reconstruction of the West by the West and is a form of hegemony expressed by the West in the sense of self-superiority. The article examines the discourse system of the West in the West from the classical era to the 18th century and analyzes the cultural and social reasons for this kind of imagination. It shows how the West gradually formed its antinomy with the non-West and ultimately gained the dominance of the latter .