列宁在领导新生苏维埃政权的社会主义建设中,非常现实与实际地把农民问题与社会主义的兴衰成败问题紧密地联系在一起,其要点是:农民人口占大多数决定俄国必须走一条特殊的社会主义道路,即农民问题的首位意义、引导农民进行社会主义建设是工作的重心、必须改善农民生活条件与满足农民的经济利益要求、加强对农民的文化教育以提高农民的文化素质。列宁在理论与实践上的可贵探索,对于当今中国正确认识和处理全面建设小康社会中的农民问题,仍然具有十分重要的现实借鉴意义。 In the socialist construction that led the new-born Soviet regime, Lenin very closely and practically linked the problems of peasants with the success or failure of socialism. The key point was that the majority of the peasants’ population decided that Russia must take a special social It is necessary to improve the living conditions of peasants and meet the economic interests of peasants. We must strengthen the cultural education of peasants so as to enhance the cultural quality of peasants. Lenin’s valuable exploration in theory and practice still has very important practical significance for today’s correct understanding and handling of peasants in building an overall well-to-do society.