作物杂种优势这一自然规律早已被揭示。并在玉米、高粱、水稻及其他作物中广为应用,使之增产20—30％,甚至更高一些。在自花授粉作物中,为了利用杂种优势,往往需要细胞质雄性不育系(简称不育系),和雄性不育保持系(简称保持系)及雄性可育性恢复系(简称恢复系)。小麦就是如此。最早获得小麦雄性不育系的是日本字看木原均(K.Kihara,1951)。他利用山羊草属(Aegilops)同小麦属(Trificum)进行杂交和连续回交,从而获得山羊草属细胞质和小麦属细胞核的不育系。由于该不育系的恢复系难找,故无生产价值。因而很少有人进行研究。 The natural law of crop heterosis has long been revealed. It is widely used in corn, sorghum, rice and other crops, increasing its yield by 20-30% or even higher. In self-pollinated crops, in order to utilize heterosis, cytoplasmic male sterile lines (sterile lines for short) and male sterile maintainers (referred to as maintainers) and male fertility restorers (referred to as restorers) are often required. That’s true for wheat. The earliest access to wheat male sterile lines are Japanese words Kanagihara (K. Kihara, 1951). He used Aegilops to breed with Trificum and successive backcrosses to obtain a sterile line of Ae. Alba and cytoplasm of wheat. Since the CMS line is hard to find, it has no production value. So few people research.