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1940年代,国民政府教育部根据战时国家法案,设置了“著作发明及美术奖励”(1941—1949)。该奖项的数据、性质和审查机制,均因史料本身的冲突而疑窦重重。从1941年至1947年,该学术奖总共实施了六届,1948年开始执行第七届,但于1949年初终止。该奖本属于“临时”“补助”的举措,但在事实上演变成带有国家级性质、学科近乎完备、制度较为严密的最高学术奖。就审查机制来说,其中的特例挑战了奖项的客观性和权威性。教育部一方面通过“学术审议委员会委员”的分权、平衡来实现;另一方面通过合格的推荐人、两位专家同行评审、一位用于调和初审冲突意见的“第三人”、以及学审会分组会议和大会等四个措施来运作。该程序对普通著作有效,而对超越时代的优秀著作却难起作用。教育部的应对办法是,通过“学审会”的讨论,以设置特例来调和同行审查的个人意见。从效果来看,当时所决议的“一等奖”作品,也是现在学术界所公认的划时代扛鼎之作。
In the 1940s, the Ministry of Education of the National Government set up the “Inventions of Inventions and Art Awards” (1941-1949) according to the Wartime National Act. The data, nature and review mechanism of the prize are all doubts due to the conflict of the historical materials themselves. From 1941 to 1947, the academic award was implemented for a total of six sessions, beginning in 1948 for the seventh session, but terminated in early 1949. The prize belongs to the “temporary” “Subsidy ” initiative, but in fact evolved into a state-level nature with nearly complete discipline, the system more rigorous top academic award. As far as the review mechanism is concerned, the special cases have challenged the objectivity and authority of the awards. On the one hand, the Ministry of Education implemented the decentralization and balance of the “Academic Review Committee members”; on the other hand, through a peer referee and two expert peer reviewers, a “third party” “, And the review group meeting and the General Assembly, four measures to operate. The program works well for ordinary books, but works well for good books that transcend the times. The MOE’s response is to set up special cases to reconcile the individual opinions of peer reviewers through the discussion of ”academic review meetings.“ From the effect point of view, at that time, the ”first prize" resolution that was decided at that time was also the epoch-making work now recognized by academia.