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1980—1989年10年间,我国进口机电设备价值共1200亿美元,减去返销的200亿美元,净进口为1000亿美元。这对提高我国的生产能力、技术水平、改善产业和产品结构、增强出口创汇能力等方面,都起到了积极作用。但也存在进口规模偏大(1983年机电设备进口额46.7亿美元,占全年进口总额的24.7%,为当年机械工业总产值的6.4%,1985年进口额达182.6亿美元,占进口总额比重增至43.9%,为当年机械工业总产值的19%,1988年进口额达206.5亿美元,占进口总额的37.4%,为当年机械工业产值的22.6%)、进口结构不当(小汽车、家电等过多)、盲目进口、重复引进等问题。造成这些问题的原因是多方面的,但主要是宏观管理措施不完善,投资和消费膨胀,以及国内设备与国外水平差距较大。
During the 10 years from 1980 to 1989, China’s total value of imported electromechanical equipment totaled 120 billion U.S. dollars, minus the 20 billion U.S. dollars that were sold back, and net imports were 100 billion U.S. dollars. This has played an active role in improving China’s production capacity, technological level, improving industry and product structure, and enhancing export export capacity. However, there are also large imports (in 1983, the import value of mechanical and electrical equipment was 4.67 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for 24.7% of the total annual import volume. It was 6.4% of the total output value of the machinery industry in that year. In 1985, the import volume reached 18.26 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for the proportion of total imports. Increased to 43.9%, which was 19% of the total output value of the machinery industry in that year. In 1988, the import value reached 20.65 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for 37.4% of the total import volume, which was 22.6% of the value of the machinery industry, and the import structure was improper (cars, household appliances, etc.) Too many), blind imports, repeated introductions and other issues. The reasons for these problems are many, but they are mainly due to the imperfect macro-management measures, the expansion of investment and consumption, and the large gap between domestic equipment and foreign standards.