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清水江契约文书是贵州省清水江流域苗、侗等少数民族用汉文书写的文书。其中绝大部分是林业生产过程中产生的买卖、租佃、分成契约,而以买卖契约数量最大。现存契约文书除下游地区有极少数明代后期及清初的文书留存外,大多数契约文书的书写年代在清中期至民国时期。笔者通过阅读文书及相关史料,认为像清水江契约文书这样完备的契约是当地少数民族因木材贸易等原因,与外来人士交往日益密切之时产生,并逐渐扩展到当地社会生活各个方面的。该文即根据清水江流域木材种植与贸易的发展情况,并与明清时期其他地区的民间日用类书所载契式及官版契约相比较,对清水江契约文书中买卖契约的最早出现时间做初步推测。
The Qingshui River contract document is an instrument written by the ethnic minorities such as Miao and Dong in the Qingshui River basin of Guizhou Province in Chinese. The vast majority of them are purchases and sales, tenancy and tenancy contracts arising from the forestry production process, with the largest number of sales and purchase contracts. In addition to the existing contractual instruments in the lower reaches of the region there are a very small number of late Ming and early Qing instruments retained, most of the writing instruments of contractual writing in the mid-Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China. By reading the documents and related historical materials, the author thinks that such a complete contract as the Qingshuijiao Contract Instrument is generated when local ethnic minorities interact with foreigners due to timber trade and other reasons, and gradually expand to all aspects of local social life. Based on the development of timber cultivation and trade in the Qingshui River Basin and comparing with the contract type and the official version in the civil daily books of other regions in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the earliest appearance time of the contract of sale and purchase in the Qingshui River contract document Make a preliminary guess.