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国际贸易理论产生于18世纪中叶,其目的在于研究国际贸易产生的原因,以及参与国际贸易的国家应如何对待国际贸易。1776年,亚当·斯密发表《国富论》,标志着国际贸易理论体系的建立。其后,国际贸易理论经历了古典贸易理论、新古典贸易理论、新贸易理论与新兴古典贸易理论四个阶段。这四种理论在当时可以解释这样那样的国际贸易问题,但是随着经济的发展和国际贸易的变化,这些贸易理论也逐渐受到新的贸易理论的挑战。本文主要分析了这四种理论的内容、结论、优势以及局限性,以期对国际贸易理论的发展有更深层次的了解。
The theory of international trade emerged in the mid-18th century with the purpose of studying the causes of international trade and how nations involved in international trade should treat international trade. In 1776 Adam Smith published The Theory of Wealth of Nations, marking the establishment of the theoretical system of international trade. Since then, the theory of international trade has gone through four stages: classical trade theory, neoclassical trade theory, new trade theory and emerging classical trade theory. These four theories could explain such issues of international trade at the time, but with the development of economy and changes in international trade, these trade theories are gradually challenged by the new trade theory. This paper mainly analyzes the contents, conclusions, advantages and limitations of these four theories with a view to gaining a deeper understanding of the development of international trade theory.