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目的 慢性酒精中毒性周围神经病(PNCA)为酒精中毒常见的神经系统并发症之一。有必要探讨适合的慢性酒精中毒性周围神经病的动物模型。方法 25只健康成年日本大耳兔随机分为2组,白酒灌胃组和对照组,白酒灌胃组给予56%(v/v)白酒按6mL·kg-1·d-1灌胃;对照组用等体积生理盐水灌胃。每只家兔每月称体重,24周后进行肌电图检查,并作坐骨神经活检。结果 (1)白酒灌胃组家兔的体重及食量较对照组差,并出现酒精中毒性精神症状。(2)电生理检查白酒灌胃组家兔均出现复合肌肉动作电位(CAMP)波幅降低,伴轻中度运动神经传导速度(MCV)减慢。(3)白酒灌胃组家兔HE染色与神经纤维Glee Marsland银染色光镜下均显示轴索变性伴继发节段性脱髓鞘改变。结论 高浓度白酒灌胃24周,兔周围神经肌电图与病理改变均符合轴索性周围神经病变,这种改变与人类慢性酒精中毒性周围神经病相似。高浓度白酒灌胃制作兔PNCA动物模型是可行的。
Purpose Chronic alcoholic peripheral neuropathy (PNCA) is one of the most common neurological complications of alcoholism. It is necessary to explore suitable animal models of chronic alcoholism-induced peripheral neuropathy. Methods Twenty-five healthy adult Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups: alcohol-fed group and control group. 56% (v / v) liquor was given by gavage to 6mL · kg-1 · d- Group with the same volume of normal saline gavage. Every rabbit weighed every month, 24 weeks after EMG and sciatic nerve biopsy. Results (1) The body weight and food intake of the rabbits in the liquor-sparing group were worse than those in the control group, and there were alcoholic psychosis symptoms. (2) Electrophysiological examination showed that the amplitude of compound muscle action potential (CAMP) was decreased and the mild to moderate motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV) was slowed down in the rabbits fed with distilled spirit. (3) Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that axonal degeneration accompanied with secondary segmental demyelination in the gavage group and Glee Marsland silver staining. CONCLUSIONS: After 24 weeks of intragastric administration of high concentration liquor, the peripheral EMGs and pathological changes in rabbits accord with axonal peripheral neuropathy, which is similar to that of human chronic alcoholic peripheral neuropathy. High concentration of white wine gavage PNCA animal model is feasible.