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摘要目的:探讨多毛症和非多毛症多囊卵巢综合征受试者基线特征及治疗结局的差异,旨在为多囊卵巢综合征的表型特征及诊治提供理论依据。方法:选取本研究是一项基于多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照不孕症临床试验的二次分析。根据鹿特丹诊断标准,在国内2009年11月至2013年2月间19家分中心纳入的不孕症多囊卵巢综合征女性644例进行研究。依据FerrimanGallwey评分标准,将受试者分为多毛症组(HI组,≥5分)和非多毛症组(NonHI组,<5分),比较2组基线特征及临床结局的差异。结果:1)基线特征:HI组腰围、舒张压、心率、LH以及LH/FSH水平均显著低于NonHI组(P<005),而痤疮评分以及双侧卵巢“项链征”形态的比例均高于NonHI组(P<005);2)临床结局:HI组受试者受孕率显著低于NonHI组(P=004)。结论:多毛症与非多毛症多囊卵巢综合征受试者具有不同的临床表型特征,多毛症多囊卵巢综合征受试者具有低受孕率的特点。
关键词多囊卵巢综合征;多毛症;基线特征;临床结局
Baseline Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes in Women with Hirsutism and Nonhirsutism Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Gao Jingshu1,He Hui2,Wang Yu2,Wu Xiaoke1
(The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Harbin 150040,China)
AbstractObjective:To investigate the differences in baseline characteristics and treatment outcomes between hirsutism and nonhirsutism polycystic ovary syndrome patients,and to provide a theoretical basis for the syndrome characteristics and diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome.Methods:This study was a secondary analysis based on a multicenter,randomized,doubleblind,placebocontrolled infertility clinical trial.According to the Rotterdam diagnostic criteria,644 women with infertility polycystic ovary syndrome were included in 19 subcenters between November 2009 and February 2013.Subjects were divided into hirsutism group (HI group,≥5 points) and nonhirsutism group (NonHI group,<5 points) according to the FerrimanGallwey scoring criteria.The differences in baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes between the two groups were compared.Results:1.Baseline characteristics:waist circumference,diastolic blood pressure,heart rate,LH and LH/FSH levels were significantly lower in the HI group than in the NonHI group (P<005),while the proportion of the acne score and the bilateral ovary “necropic sign” was higher than NonHI group (P<005); 2.Clinical outcomes:The pregnancy rate of subjects in HI group was significantly lower than that in NonHI group (P=004).Conclusion:The hirsutism and nonhirsutism polycystic ovary syndrome subjects have different clinical phenotypic characteristics.The hirsutism polycystic ovary syndrome subjects have the characteristics of low conception rate.
Key WordsPolycystic ovary syndrome; Hirsutism; Baseline characteristics; Clinical outcome
中圖分类号:R2719文献标识码:Adoi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2018.08.056
多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)多见于青春期及育龄期女性,发病率高达56%[1],是引起女性不孕的常见生殖内分泌紊乱疾病。临床主要以月经稀发甚至闭经、高雄激素表现及卵巢多囊样改变为特征,不同患者的临床表现具有高度异质性。除月经失调、肥胖、不孕外,常伴有多毛症、痤疮、黑棘皮症等表现。有研究表明PCOS患者中合并多毛症的比例高达78%[2]。最近一项国外研究认为,在所有威胁PCOS患者生命质量及身心健康的临床表现中,多毛症为首要因素[3],且合并多毛症的PCOS患者发生远期并发症如代谢综合征及心血管疾病的比例更高[4]。目前国内对PCOS的研究多侧重于调经、促排卵和助孕方面,鲜有对PCOS多毛症的相关性研究。 “来曲唑、小檗碱或二者联合用药对PCOS不孕症的影响”是一项多中心、双盲、随机、安慰剂对照临床试验,该项目自2009—2013年在全国19家分中心共纳入644名PCOS不孕症受试者,每位受试者均完成为期6个月的治疗。本文基于该项目展开二次分析研究,比较多毛症PCOS与非多毛症PCOS受试者的基线特征及临床结局。
1资料和方法
11研究对象及干预措施“来曲唑、小檗碱或二者联合用药对PCOS不孕症的影响”项目中所有受试者均满足以下条件:1)年龄在20~40岁;2)符合2003年鹿特丹诊断标准[5];3)至少有一侧输卵管畅通且宫腔形态正常;4)患有不孕症1年以上。按照1:1:1的比例将所有受试者随机分配到来曲唑+黄连素组或来曲唑+黄连素安慰剂组或来曲唑安慰剂+黄连素组。黄连素或其安慰剂自月经周期或撤药性出血第1天起开始服用,15 g/d,3次/d,连服6个月;来曲唑或其安慰剂在治疗周期的前3个月经周期第3~7天服用,25 mg/d,如果受试者未受孕,在随后的3个月开始增服至5 mg。要求夫妻同房2~3次/周,发现受孕则停止同房。临床妊娠的确立需在受孕经超声下观察到可视妊娠囊。主要结局指标包括活产率、排卵率、妊娠率、流产率及母儿妊娠并发症等。该试验已通过黑龙江中医药大学附属第一医院伦理委员会审批,每个参研受试者均签署知情同意书。研究方案及研究结果已分别发表在《BMJ Open》[6]及《Fertility & Sterility》杂志[1]。
12检测指标
121人体测量学指标包括年龄(year)、身高(cm)、体重(kg)、体重指数(BMI,体重/身高2)、腰围(cm)、臀围(cm)、腰臀比、舒张压(mmHg)、收缩压(mmHg)、心率(bpm)、痤疮评分、多毛评分(采用FerrimanGallwey评分法,评分≥5分诊断为多毛症)。
122既往病史月经初潮年龄及既往流产情况。
123超声学检查左右卵巢体积及左右卵巢形态。
124血清学指标包括月经3~7 d的空腹血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、LH/FSH、雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)、睾酮(T)、泌乳素(PRL)、性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG)以及游离睾酮指数(FAI,FAI=T×100/SHBG)。
125临床结局指标主要结局指标:活产率。次要结局指标:排卵率、受孕率、妊娠率、流产率。
126统计学方法采用SAS 92软件对所有数据进行统计分析。计量资料数据以均数±标准差(±s)表示,组间比较采用t检验;计数资料数据用率表示,采用卡方检验。以P<005为差异有统计学意义。
2结果
21HI组和NonHI组基线特征的差异
HI组腰围、舒张压及心率均显著低于NonHI组(P<005),痤疮评分、毛发评分、双侧卵巢“项链征”形态比例均显著高于NonHI组(P<005),各组年龄、身高、体重、BMI、臀围、腰臀比、收缩压以及双侧卵巢体积差异均无统计学意义(P>005)。见表1。
3讨论
PCOS是以慢性无排卵和高雄激素血症为特征的一种生殖内分泌紊乱疾病。PCOS患者还可伴闭经、不孕、肥胖及多毛症四大特征,也称之为SteinLeventhal综合征[7]。多毛症是指女性出现雄激素依赖性区域毛发过度生长、变粗、变黑的一种现象[8],PCOS是女性多毛症的最常见病因[9]。多毛症虽不危及生命,但可严重影响患者身心健康,甚至并发焦虑症、抑郁症[10]。PCOS可分为经典型和无高雄激素型,故并非所有PCOS患者都伴有多毛症表现。多毛症的发生与血浆游离睾酮水平密切相关[11]。目前国内对PCOS多毛症的研究较少,因此基于前期大型临床试验,以多毛症为切入点进行探索性研究,为临床诊治PCOS多毛症患者提供治疗有效依据。
研究表明PCOS患者中多毛症的发生比例约为50%~76%[1213],且多毛症患者的年龄显著低于非多毛症患者[2]。本研究人群多毛症发病率为35%,但年龄高低与多毛症的发生关系不大。另有研究发现,PCOS患者BMI越高,并发多毛症、痤疮或早秃等一系列高雄激素表现的风险越大[1415],说明多毛症的发生与BMI可能有关。但本研究结果并未发现多毛症与BMI具有显著相关性。目前现有大部分研究证实,PCOS患者患心血管疾病的风险显著高于常人[16]。Comim[17]等发现既往有多毛症病史的女性更易并发心脑血管疾病。本研究结果发现HI组舒张压显著低于NonHI组,这与Comim[17]等研究结果相反,需进一步探明原因。本研究结果与前人研究结论不一致的原因很可能与种族差异性有关。
有研究发现PCOS多毛症患者较非多毛症患者的LH、T、FAI水平有所增高,SHBG水平降低[18]。Ozdemir[19]等也证实PCOS多毛症和总睾酮水平呈正相关。而本研究中却发现2组T、SHBG、FAI水平无明显差异,这种现象恰好与许多学者的觀点一致,即PCOS血清T水平与PCOS患者多毛症的发生并不确定相关[13,2021]。Slayden[22]等甚至认为高雄激素血症在非多毛患者中更为严重。雄激素受体基因的多样性影响雄激素代谢过程可对这种现象的发生做出最佳解释[2324]。因此PCOS多毛症和高雄激素血症的确切关系有待进一步证实。
本研究发现PCOS多毛症受试者与非多毛症受试者比较具有低受孕率的特点,可能的解释如下:1)即使多毛症受试者发生排卵,但卵子质量普遍较低;2)子宫内环境是影响受精卵着床和发育的重要因素,多毛症的发生可能会影响子宫内环境;3)多毛症受试者同房情况也会影响受孕。
4结论
尽管我国人群PCOS多毛症发生率并不高,但仍会严重影响患者生存生命质量,应引起足够重视。本研究发现PCOS多毛症患者具有较低受孕率的临床结局特点,然而仍需大样本随机对照临床试验进一步证实。 参考文献
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(2018-05-17收稿责任编辑:徐颖)
关键词多囊卵巢综合征;多毛症;基线特征;临床结局
Baseline Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes in Women with Hirsutism and Nonhirsutism Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Gao Jingshu1,He Hui2,Wang Yu2,Wu Xiaoke1
(The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Harbin 150040,China)
AbstractObjective:To investigate the differences in baseline characteristics and treatment outcomes between hirsutism and nonhirsutism polycystic ovary syndrome patients,and to provide a theoretical basis for the syndrome characteristics and diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome.Methods:This study was a secondary analysis based on a multicenter,randomized,doubleblind,placebocontrolled infertility clinical trial.According to the Rotterdam diagnostic criteria,644 women with infertility polycystic ovary syndrome were included in 19 subcenters between November 2009 and February 2013.Subjects were divided into hirsutism group (HI group,≥5 points) and nonhirsutism group (NonHI group,<5 points) according to the FerrimanGallwey scoring criteria.The differences in baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes between the two groups were compared.Results:1.Baseline characteristics:waist circumference,diastolic blood pressure,heart rate,LH and LH/FSH levels were significantly lower in the HI group than in the NonHI group (P<005),while the proportion of the acne score and the bilateral ovary “necropic sign” was higher than NonHI group (P<005); 2.Clinical outcomes:The pregnancy rate of subjects in HI group was significantly lower than that in NonHI group (P=004).Conclusion:The hirsutism and nonhirsutism polycystic ovary syndrome subjects have different clinical phenotypic characteristics.The hirsutism polycystic ovary syndrome subjects have the characteristics of low conception rate.
Key WordsPolycystic ovary syndrome; Hirsutism; Baseline characteristics; Clinical outcome
中圖分类号:R2719文献标识码:Adoi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2018.08.056
多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)多见于青春期及育龄期女性,发病率高达56%[1],是引起女性不孕的常见生殖内分泌紊乱疾病。临床主要以月经稀发甚至闭经、高雄激素表现及卵巢多囊样改变为特征,不同患者的临床表现具有高度异质性。除月经失调、肥胖、不孕外,常伴有多毛症、痤疮、黑棘皮症等表现。有研究表明PCOS患者中合并多毛症的比例高达78%[2]。最近一项国外研究认为,在所有威胁PCOS患者生命质量及身心健康的临床表现中,多毛症为首要因素[3],且合并多毛症的PCOS患者发生远期并发症如代谢综合征及心血管疾病的比例更高[4]。目前国内对PCOS的研究多侧重于调经、促排卵和助孕方面,鲜有对PCOS多毛症的相关性研究。 “来曲唑、小檗碱或二者联合用药对PCOS不孕症的影响”是一项多中心、双盲、随机、安慰剂对照临床试验,该项目自2009—2013年在全国19家分中心共纳入644名PCOS不孕症受试者,每位受试者均完成为期6个月的治疗。本文基于该项目展开二次分析研究,比较多毛症PCOS与非多毛症PCOS受试者的基线特征及临床结局。
1资料和方法
11研究对象及干预措施“来曲唑、小檗碱或二者联合用药对PCOS不孕症的影响”项目中所有受试者均满足以下条件:1)年龄在20~40岁;2)符合2003年鹿特丹诊断标准[5];3)至少有一侧输卵管畅通且宫腔形态正常;4)患有不孕症1年以上。按照1:1:1的比例将所有受试者随机分配到来曲唑+黄连素组或来曲唑+黄连素安慰剂组或来曲唑安慰剂+黄连素组。黄连素或其安慰剂自月经周期或撤药性出血第1天起开始服用,15 g/d,3次/d,连服6个月;来曲唑或其安慰剂在治疗周期的前3个月经周期第3~7天服用,25 mg/d,如果受试者未受孕,在随后的3个月开始增服至5 mg。要求夫妻同房2~3次/周,发现受孕则停止同房。临床妊娠的确立需在受孕经超声下观察到可视妊娠囊。主要结局指标包括活产率、排卵率、妊娠率、流产率及母儿妊娠并发症等。该试验已通过黑龙江中医药大学附属第一医院伦理委员会审批,每个参研受试者均签署知情同意书。研究方案及研究结果已分别发表在《BMJ Open》[6]及《Fertility & Sterility》杂志[1]。
12检测指标
121人体测量学指标包括年龄(year)、身高(cm)、体重(kg)、体重指数(BMI,体重/身高2)、腰围(cm)、臀围(cm)、腰臀比、舒张压(mmHg)、收缩压(mmHg)、心率(bpm)、痤疮评分、多毛评分(采用FerrimanGallwey评分法,评分≥5分诊断为多毛症)。
122既往病史月经初潮年龄及既往流产情况。
123超声学检查左右卵巢体积及左右卵巢形态。
124血清学指标包括月经3~7 d的空腹血清卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、LH/FSH、雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)、睾酮(T)、泌乳素(PRL)、性激素结合球蛋白(SHBG)以及游离睾酮指数(FAI,FAI=T×100/SHBG)。
125临床结局指标主要结局指标:活产率。次要结局指标:排卵率、受孕率、妊娠率、流产率。
126统计学方法采用SAS 92软件对所有数据进行统计分析。计量资料数据以均数±标准差(±s)表示,组间比较采用t检验;计数资料数据用率表示,采用卡方检验。以P<005为差异有统计学意义。
2结果
21HI组和NonHI组基线特征的差异
HI组腰围、舒张压及心率均显著低于NonHI组(P<005),痤疮评分、毛发评分、双侧卵巢“项链征”形态比例均显著高于NonHI组(P<005),各组年龄、身高、体重、BMI、臀围、腰臀比、收缩压以及双侧卵巢体积差异均无统计学意义(P>005)。见表1。
3讨论
PCOS是以慢性无排卵和高雄激素血症为特征的一种生殖内分泌紊乱疾病。PCOS患者还可伴闭经、不孕、肥胖及多毛症四大特征,也称之为SteinLeventhal综合征[7]。多毛症是指女性出现雄激素依赖性区域毛发过度生长、变粗、变黑的一种现象[8],PCOS是女性多毛症的最常见病因[9]。多毛症虽不危及生命,但可严重影响患者身心健康,甚至并发焦虑症、抑郁症[10]。PCOS可分为经典型和无高雄激素型,故并非所有PCOS患者都伴有多毛症表现。多毛症的发生与血浆游离睾酮水平密切相关[11]。目前国内对PCOS多毛症的研究较少,因此基于前期大型临床试验,以多毛症为切入点进行探索性研究,为临床诊治PCOS多毛症患者提供治疗有效依据。
研究表明PCOS患者中多毛症的发生比例约为50%~76%[1213],且多毛症患者的年龄显著低于非多毛症患者[2]。本研究人群多毛症发病率为35%,但年龄高低与多毛症的发生关系不大。另有研究发现,PCOS患者BMI越高,并发多毛症、痤疮或早秃等一系列高雄激素表现的风险越大[1415],说明多毛症的发生与BMI可能有关。但本研究结果并未发现多毛症与BMI具有显著相关性。目前现有大部分研究证实,PCOS患者患心血管疾病的风险显著高于常人[16]。Comim[17]等发现既往有多毛症病史的女性更易并发心脑血管疾病。本研究结果发现HI组舒张压显著低于NonHI组,这与Comim[17]等研究结果相反,需进一步探明原因。本研究结果与前人研究结论不一致的原因很可能与种族差异性有关。
有研究发现PCOS多毛症患者较非多毛症患者的LH、T、FAI水平有所增高,SHBG水平降低[18]。Ozdemir[19]等也证实PCOS多毛症和总睾酮水平呈正相关。而本研究中却发现2组T、SHBG、FAI水平无明显差异,这种现象恰好与许多学者的觀点一致,即PCOS血清T水平与PCOS患者多毛症的发生并不确定相关[13,2021]。Slayden[22]等甚至认为高雄激素血症在非多毛患者中更为严重。雄激素受体基因的多样性影响雄激素代谢过程可对这种现象的发生做出最佳解释[2324]。因此PCOS多毛症和高雄激素血症的确切关系有待进一步证实。
本研究发现PCOS多毛症受试者与非多毛症受试者比较具有低受孕率的特点,可能的解释如下:1)即使多毛症受试者发生排卵,但卵子质量普遍较低;2)子宫内环境是影响受精卵着床和发育的重要因素,多毛症的发生可能会影响子宫内环境;3)多毛症受试者同房情况也会影响受孕。
4结论
尽管我国人群PCOS多毛症发生率并不高,但仍会严重影响患者生存生命质量,应引起足够重视。本研究发现PCOS多毛症患者具有较低受孕率的临床结局特点,然而仍需大样本随机对照临床试验进一步证实。 参考文献
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(2018-05-17收稿责任编辑:徐颖)