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目的探讨脑干听觉诱发电位应用于新生儿听力筛选的可行性与新生儿听力损失的相关因素。方法采用脑干听觉诱发电位进行新生儿听力筛选,于出生后3~7d进行初筛,初筛未通过者于生后42d复筛,复筛未通过者于生后3个月再复查,仍未通过者确诊为听力损失。结果4696例新生儿进行筛查,初筛率95.7%。经初筛通过了4268例(90.9%),初筛未通过428例(包括双侧或单侧未通过)。其中394例进行了复筛,复筛率92.6%,复筛通过了326例(82.7%),复筛未通过68例(17.3%)。其中66例于出生满3个月后再进行了复查,复查率97.1%,经复查54例通过了再复查,16例仍未通过者确诊为听力损失,占正常新生儿的0.34%。其中双侧均未通过5例,单侧未通过11例。结论新生儿听力筛查十分必要。脑干听觉诱发电位是一种快速、准确而行之有效的新生儿听力筛查方法,可及早发现听力损失,以便进行早期干预;研究发现,听力障碍的发生,与听力障碍家族史、耳毒性药物应用史、母孕病毒感染史、宫内窒息史、早产、婴儿患病史等有关,值得临床上重视。
Objective To explore the feasibility of brainstem auditory evoked potentials applied to neonatal hearing screening and related factors of neonatal hearing loss. Methods The brainstem auditory evoked potentials were used for neonatal hearing screening. The screening was done at 3-7 days after birth, and those who did not pass the screening were re-screened at 42 days after birth. The patients who failed the re-screening were re-examined at 3 months after birth. Failure to diagnose hearing loss. Results 4696 newborns were screened, with a primary screening rate of 95.7%. 4268 (90.9%) were initially screened and 428 (including unilateral or unilateral) failed the primary screening. Among them, 394 cases were re-screened, the rate of re-screening was 92.6%, 326 (82.7%) were re-screened, and 68 (17.3%) failed re-screening. Sixty-six of them were reexamined after 3 months of birth, with a review rate of 97.1%. Fifty-four patients were re-examined after reexamination, and 16 were still diagnosed as hearing loss, accounting for 0.34% of normal newborns. Five of them did not pass on both sides and 11 on unilateral. Conclusion Neonatal hearing screening is necessary. Brainstem auditory evoked potential is a fast, accurate and effective neonatal hearing screening method, early detection of hearing loss for early intervention; study found that the occurrence of hearing disorders, family history of hearing impairment, ototoxicity Drug application history, history of maternal and fetal virus infection, history of asphyxia in utero, premature delivery, history of infant illness, etc., it is worth clinical attention.