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１９８９年以来对海南山区的疟疾现状和流行特征的深入调查研究表明，海南山区的疟疾已由原来的稳定性超高度流行变为当前非稳定性中低度地方性流行，疟疾年带虫发病率约为３％～５％，恶性疟约占１／３，多数居民点疟疾传播已明显降低，仅少数近山麓村庄为高发点，高发村庄的疟原虫率约为５％。上山住宿是疟疾感染，特别是恶性疟感染的主要来源，部分上山作业和住宿的居民是疟疾感染的高危人群，多数疟疾病例治疗不彻底是疟疾持续传播的重要原因。少数民族农民蚊帐使用、求医行为和医疗卫生条件已有所改善，但社会经济与人的行为因素对疟疾的流行与控制仍有重要影响；恶性疟对氯喹的抗性有所下降，但对哌喹的抗性增加；随着土地和森林的大规模开垦及热带经济作物的发展导致生态环境的改变，主要媒介大劣按蚊的分布及危害已大为缩小；微小按蚊已广泛复现，由残存状态上升为次要媒介，其生态习性已有所改变，在当地居民点其传疟作用较低，但在临时的或新的居民点可引起疟疾暴发。上述流行特征将为今后制定防治对策提供重要依据。
In-depth investigation of the status and epidemic characteristics of malaria in mountainous areas of Hainan since 1989 shows that malaria in the mountainous areas of Hainan Province has changed from a super-high-prevalence epidemic to a low-endemic low-endemic area. The incidence of malaria About 3% ~ 5% of the cases were infected with falciparum malaria, accounting for about one third of the total. Malaria transmission in most settlements was significantly reduced. Only a few of the villages near the foothills were high incidence points, and the incidence rate of malaria in villages with high incidence was about 5%. The uphill accommodation is the main source of malaria infection, especially the infection of falciparum malaria. Some of the residents who work in mountainous areas and stay at home are the high risk groups of malaria infection. The incomplete treatment of most malaria cases is an important reason for the continuous transmission of malaria. Mosquito nets used by ethnic minority peasants, medical practices and medical and health conditions have improved, but socio-economic and human behavioral factors still have a significant impact on the prevalence and control of malaria; resistance to chloroquine by falciparum malaria has declined, With the large-scale land and forest reclamation and the change of ecological environment caused by the development of tropical cash crops, the distribution and harm of Anopheles obliquus has been greatly reduced. Anopheles minimus has been widely re-emerged , Rising from the remnant status to the secondary media, its ecological habits have changed. The malaria transmission rate in local settlements is low, but it can cause malaria outbreaks in temporary or new settlements. The above epidemic features will provide an important basis for future prevention and control measures.