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在马克思看来,意识形态虚假性的社会历史背景,是就剥削阶级社会而言的,并且这种虚假性有多重表现:其一,颠倒物质与意识的关系,认为“观念统治世界”;其二,陷入永恒性的幻想,认为意识形态本身是永恒的真理,而意识形态所维护的社会是永存的;其三,在阶级利益上存在异己性,因而在实践中会给本阶级的利益带来危害;其四,满足于表面的直观,避求历史的真实。马克思对意识形态虚假性的揭露提示我们,要着眼于对社会现实的剖析,着眼于对阶级命运的历史发展来考察意识形态本身。
In Marx’s view, the social and historical background of ideological falseness is for the exploitation of class society. And such falsehood has multiple manifestations. First, it reverses the relationship between material and consciousness and holds that the concept of “governing the world” ; Second, caught in the fantasy of eternity, that the ideology itself is the eternal truth, and the ideology of the society maintained by eternal; Third, there are differences in class interests, so in practice will give this class Interests bring harm; Fourth, content with the surface of the visual, to avoid the truth of history. The revelation of the false ideology in Marx prompts us to focus on the analysis of social reality and on the historical development of class destiny to examine the ideology itself.