The circadian rhythm in mammals can adapt to environmental cues to regulate diverse physiological and behavioral processes [1].The photic factors that induce the light-dark cycles are known as the paramount zeitgebers controlling circadian oscillations [1].In addition to light,environmental food cues can also be potential zeitgebers to synchronize behavioral adaptations [2].In particular,restricted feeding (RF) at a fixed time in mice can induce a gradually increased activity that occurs 2-3 h prior to mealtime,termed foodanticipatory activity (FAA) [3].This behavioral plasticity has also been observed in other species,including rats,hamsters,rabbits,fishes,and bees and represents predictions and expectations regarding future food conditions.However,the neurobiological mechanisms underlying this food-entrained circadian rhythm remain poorly understood.