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对许多人来说,亚当·斯密是经济学的同义语。他的主要著作《国富论》第一次建立了经济学的理论体系。但是,由于斯密受所处的时代和自身的世界观和经济分析方法的局限,《国富论》中也存在不少谬误。本文研究了《国富论》中斯密对北美地区最高工资的论述。斯密认为,工资最高的地方不在最富裕的地方,而在最繁荣、即将变得最富裕的地方。作者认为,任何经济现象的出现都是经济、社会等因素综合作用的结果,斯密的错误在于仅仅应用简单的市场规律来解释复杂的经济现象。本文还评述了斯密产生错误的经济理论和方法上的渊源。
For many, Adam Smith is synonymous with economics. His first book, The Wealth of Nations, established the theoretical system of economics for the first time. However, because of Smith’s times and his world view and the limitations of economic analysis, there are many fallacies in the “Wealth of Nations”. This article studies Smith’s discussion of the highest wage in North America in The Wealth of Nations. Smith believes that the highest wages are not in the richest places, but in the most prosperous, about to become the richest place. The author believes that the emergence of any economic phenomenon is the result of the combined effect of economic and social factors. Smith’s mistake is to apply simple market rules to explain complicated economic phenomena. This article also reviews the origins of Smith’s erroneous economic theory and methodology.