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我国自隋朝牛弘系统提出文献散佚的“五厄”论之后,历代又对此进行了补充,以明代胡应麟的“十厄”论最有代表性。近代对文献散佚的研究更加深入,陈登原将我国大小之“书厄”的原因概括为:政治、兵燹、藏弆、人事四大范畴。本文则将学者们的研究分为“历代图书档案损毁记录派”和“图书档案损毁研究派”两大派别。两派学者分别从微观和宏观层面对我国档案损毁的现象和规律进行了不懈的探讨,取得了超越前人的可喜成就。
Since the system of “Wuer”, which was loosely listed by Niu Hong in the Sui Dynasty, was reprinted in ancient China, the most representative of the “Ten Wu” theory of Hu Yinglin in the Ming Dynasty was the most representative. In modern times, the study of the litigation of documents has been further deepened. Chen Dengyuan summarized the reasons for the size of the book “Erhu” in our country as four categories: politics, soldiers and soldiers, Tibetan Buddhism and human resources. This article divides the scholars’ research into two major factions: Records of Destroyed Records of Books and Records and Records of Destruction of Books and Records. The two groups of scholars conducted relentless discussions on the phenomena and laws of archives destruction in China from the micro and macro levels, respectively, and achieved gratifying achievements that surpassed their predecessors.