航天诱变育种又称空间诱变育种,其在扩大遗传变异,创造农作物新种质,解决常规育种中某些特殊问题和培育新品种中发挥了巨大作用,开辟了一条农作物育种的崭新途径。该研究综述了航天诱变育种的研究现状、特点及在我国甜瓜育种中的应用进展情况,对航天诱变育种存在问题进行了简要总结探讨,并对其前景进行了展望。 Space mutation breeding, also known as space mutation breeding, has played a great role in expanding genetic variation, creating new germplasm of crops, solving some special problems in conventional breeding and cultivating new varieties, opening up a new way of crop breeding. This review summarizes the research status and characteristics of space mutation breeding and its application in the breeding of melon in China. It summarizes the existing problems of space mutation breeding and prospects its future.