从总体上讲,明清两代的杂剧可以分为节庆剧与普通剧两大类1。具体到清代乾嘉时期,此时的普通剧已走向案头,几乎成为词赋的别体;节庆剧则无论从创作上来看,还是从演出上来看,都已达到了这六百年中的顶峰;而占据舞台中心位置的折子戏则不仅在外形上有着与杂剧相近的形态,而且与前两者的关联也十分密切,姑且将其算做是乾嘉时期的第三类“杂剧”2。一、普通剧入清之后,杂剧创作依旧繁荣,从形态上来看,清杂剧与明中叶产生的南杂剧一脉相 Generally speaking, the drama in the Ming and Qing dynasties can be divided into two major categories: festivals and ordinary plays. Specific to the qing dynasty qian jia period, the normal drama at this time has been to the desk, almost become the word fu body; festival drama in terms of the creative point of view, or from the performance point of view, have reached the peak of these six hundred years ; While the play-tricks that occupy the center of the stage are not only similar in appearance to the drama but also closely related to the first two, let alone be the third category in the Qian-Jia Period. . First, the ordinary drama into the Qing Dynasty, the drama is still prosperous, from the morphological point of view,