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一、前言乌梁素海位于内蒙古自治区西部,包头市西北方的乌拉特前期中部。其前身为昔日黄河故道,形成历史未超过百年。它是内蒙古重要的淡水渔业基地之一,这里产的黄河鲤鱼久负盛名。有组织的渔业始于50年代,历史上高产年份是1956年,产鲤鱼达到4085吨,当时水面约为100万亩。至60年代后期,开始围湖造田,拦河筑坝,水面几经沧桑,到了1980年,水面仅有44万亩,其中苇、蒲面积19万亩,沼泽3万亩,明水仅有22万亩。目前湖水最深处2.5米,平均仅为1.5米左右,同时,随着灌溉退水和周围工业污水不断地排入,使水质咸化:污染物增加,生态环境发生变化,使鱼类的产量和品
I. Introduction Wuliangsuhai is located in the western part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and the northwestern part of Baotou Wulate early middle period. Formerly known as the old course of the Yellow River, the formation of history has not exceeded 100 years. It is one of the important freshwater fisheries bases in Inner Mongolia. The Yellow River carp produced here enjoys a good reputation. Organized fisheries began in the 1950s, with a historically high yield year of 1956 and a production of 4085 tons of carp, at a time when the water surface was about 1 million mu. By the late 1960s, land reclamation was started in the lake and rivers were dammed and dammed. After 1980, the surface of the water was only 44 million mu. Among them, reed and shoal area totaled 190,000 mu and swamp reached 30,000 mu, with only 220,000 mu. At present, the deepest 2.5 meters of the lake, an average of only about 1.5 meters, at the same time, with the irrigation and drainage and the continuous discharge of industrial wastewater around the water salinization: increased pollutants, changes in the ecological environment, so that fish production and Product