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细菌与噬菌体间是一种寄生关系,一方面细菌抵抗噬菌体感染,另一方面噬菌体也产生抗宿主菌防御的改变。本文从细菌的被动免疫、主动防御方面综述了多种细菌抵抗噬菌体的分子机制。这其中既包括细菌生物膜的物理阻隔作用,也包括吸附抑制、注入阻滞、限制修饰系统、流产感染等机制,还包括新近发现的细菌的适应性免疫-CRISPR-Cas系统以及噬菌体排除系统。细菌与噬菌体间的竞争,不仅是自身选择压力的结果,也是彼此共进化的动力。
Bacteria and phage are a parasitic relationship, on the one hand the bacteria resistant to phage infection, on the other phage also produce changes against the host bacteria defense. This article reviews the molecular mechanisms of various bacteriostatic bacteriophages in passive immunization and proactive defense of bacteria. These include not only the physical barrier of bacterial biofilm, but also the mechanism of adsorption inhibition, injection retardation, restriction modification system and abortion infection, as well as newly discovered bacterial adaptive immune-CRISPR-Cas system and phage elimination system. Bacteria and phage competition, not only the result of their own choice of pressure, but also the driving force of mutual evolution.