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森林系统占全球陆地总面积的31%,是全球生物地球化学循环最活跃的地区之一。认识森林系统汞的生物地球化学过程对确立大气-森林系统汞的相关归趋,及进一步定量分析全球汞的生物地球化学循环过程至关重要。然而,当前森林系统在全球大气汞的循环中的角色认识还不清楚,即无法确定森林系统是大气汞的汇还是源。本文基于森林系统汞的质量平衡、土壤汞的累积过程及汞的同位素地球化学的研究,阐述了当前关于汞在全球森林生态系统多介质间汞的相互耦合作用过程及其迁移转化规律的认识。在此基础上,针对当前森林系统汞的生物地球化学过程研究的关键科学问题,提出了未来该领域的研究重点和方向。
Forest systems make up 31% of the world’s total land area and are one of the most active biogeochemical cycles in the world. It is crucial to understand the relevance of the biogeochemical processes of forest-derived mercury to establishing mercury in the atmosphere-forest system and to further quantitatively analyze the global biogeochemical cycling of mercury. However, the current understanding of the role of forest systems in the global cycle of atmospheric mercury is unclear. It is not possible to determine whether forest systems are sinks or sources of atmospheric mercury. Based on the studies on the mass balance of mercury in soil, the process of soil mercury accumulation and the isotope geochemistry of mercury, this paper explicates the current understanding of the mutual coupling process of mercury in the multi-media of global forest ecosystems and their migration and transformation rules. On this basis, the key scientific issues in the biogeochemical process of mercury in the forest system are pointed out, and the research focuses and directions in this field are proposed in the future.