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[目的]了解本地区Ⅲ度暴露狂犬病的流行病学特征以及评价预防治疗效果。[方法]设计调查表与病历,对815例Ⅲ度暴露伤者进行流行病学调查,使用SPSS软件对资料进行统计分析。[结果]815例Ⅲ度暴露伤者,其流行病学特征与我国狂犬病例分布特征相近似:男性多于女性;少年儿童及壮年农民为主;农村多于城市;夏秋季暴露高于其他季节;暴露动物以犬为主;动物免疫率低,占0.86%。狂犬免疫球蛋白联合狂犬病疫苗的预防治疗,效果良好,安全性高。[结论]本地区防控措施不到位,狂犬病高发趋势短期内难以控制;规范的预防治疗包括:严格的伤口处理、狂犬免疫球蛋白联合狂犬病疫苗进行免疫是暴露后预防治疗的有效措施。
[Objective] To understand the epidemiological characteristics of Ⅲ degree rabies in this area and evaluate the effect of preventive treatment. [Methods] Design questionnaires and medical history, 815 cases of exposure to Ⅲ degree epidemiological survey, the use of SPSS software for statistical analysis. [Results] The epidemiological characteristics of 815 cases of Ⅲ degree exposure were similar to the distribution characteristics of rabies cases in our country: more males than females; young children and middle-aged peasants; rural areas more than urban areas; the summer and autumn exposures were higher than those in other seasons The predominant animals were dogs, while the animal immunization rate was low, accounting for 0.86%. Rabies immunoglobulin combined with rabies vaccine prevention and treatment, the effect is good, high safety. [Conclusion] The prevention and control measures in this area are not in place, and the trend of rabies is hard to be controlled in a short period of time. The standardized preventive treatment includes strict wound treatment and immunization with rabies immunoglobulin combined with rabies vaccine, which is an effective measure to prevent post-exposure prophylaxis.