显然,作为专制帝国的最后王朝,大清帝国在历经所谓康乾盛世、同治中兴之后,终于还是难于跳出历史的周期律,官场腐败、吏治昏乱以及由此带来的瞒与骗,成为大清帝国官场的潜规则。尤其是在1830年代,清英关于贸易冲突之后,这一痼疾愈发突出,难于根治,并直接威胁到帝国的统治根基和社会稳定。这样说并非故弄玄虚,不妨简单示例如下:早在第一次鸦片战争时,身背民族英雄和“睁眼看世界第一人”等诸多荣誉和光环的林则徐,就曾多次干过这样的勾当。《筹办夷务始末》(道光朝)载,1839年中 Obviously, as the last dynasty of the authoritarian empire, after the so-called Kangxi and Heyday, the reign of the Qing Empire finally became difficult to jump out of the cyclical law of history, the corruption of government officials, the dignified administration and the concealment and deceit resulting therefrom, Imperial rules of the officialdom. Especially in the 1830s, after the Qing Ying dealt with the trade conflicts, this epidemic became more and more difficult to cure and a direct threat to the imperial rule and social stability. This is not to say that it is not an exaggeration. Let us take a simple example as follows: As early as the first Opium War, Lin Zexu, who had many honors and aura of his own national hero and “the first person in the world with his eyes open to the eyes,” had done so many times Activities. “Preparing for the end of Yiwu” (Daoguang Dynasty), 1839 mid-year