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家父权作为奴隶制时代社会的特殊文化制度,在中西方的文化、政治、经济等各种社会制度的产生和演变的过程中起到了不同的作用。那么,罗马法中的家父权与中国古代的家长制度可以作为中西方家父权文化的代表。通过对于二者的研究可以看出,罗马法上的家父权伴随着社会生产力的发展以及经济格局的变化,逐步减弱直至退出历史舞台。然而中国古代的家长制度则随着君主集中制度的加强逐步凸显,随着封建体系的彻底灭亡才发生变化。本文在分析两种制度中有关家父权的具体规定以及两种制度中家父权的变迁时,着重于分析二者产生不同历史结局的原因,以及对中西方文化进程所产生的影响。
As a special cultural system in the society of slavery era, patriarchal power plays a different role in the process of the emergence and evolution of various social systems such as culture, politics and economy in China and the West. Then, the patriarchal fatherhood in Roman law and the ancient Chinese patriarchal system can serve as representatives of the patriarchal culture of the Chinese and Western countries. Through the study of the two, it can be seen that the patriarchal fatherhood in Roman law gradually weakened until its withdrawal from the historical stage with the development of social productive forces and changes in the economic pattern. However, the ancient Chinese patriarchal system gradually became more prominent with the strengthening of the system of monarchs’ concentration and changed with the complete demise of the feudal system. When analyzing the specific provisions of patriarchal power in the two systems and the changes in the patriarchal power of the two systems, this article focuses on the analysis of the reasons for the different historical outcomes of both and the impact on the cultural process in China and the West.