引言政体作为战略手段西方的政治学者基于历史社会学的研究,用军事、经济、政治、意识形态四种实力类型作为工具来分析历史上的帝国,得出这样的规律认识:存在时间较为持久的大帝国在扩张初期主要依赖军事实力和经济优势(如贸易型的海洋帝国),但在某个节点之后,就更倚重政治文明的同化与意识形态的感召,否则帝国难以巩固——仅靠经济优势太过脆弱,而高昂的军事成本又会压垮帝国本身。~([1])骤起骤灭的草原帝国、曾经的葡萄牙和荷兰帝国,都被拿来作为反面教材,来证明仅仅依靠武力和商业的 Introduction Political system as a strategic measure Based on the research of historical sociology, western political scholars analyze historical empires by using four strength types of military, economic, political and ideological as a tool to come to the conclusion that the existing time is more lasting At the initial stage of expansion, the Great Empire relied mainly on military strength and economic advantages (such as the trade-type maritime empire), but after a certain node, it relied more on the assimilation of political civilization and the ideological appeal, otherwise the imperial power could not be consolidated The advantages are too weak and the high military costs in turn overwhelm the empire itself. The sudden disappearance of the prairie empire, the former Portuguese and Dutch empires, were all used as a counter-argument to prove that the relics