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基于数字高程模型,考虑流域空间的变异性,建立数字高程流域水系模型,在此基础上对流域空间进行离散化,划分出产汇流计算子单元并计算各子单元面积权重。将构建好的数字高程流域水系模型与集总式流域水文模型-新安江模型相耦合,建立了基于数字高程模型的数字水文模型。采用客户服务器方式将该理论模型实现为水文预报计算机软件系统,并将该系统应用于全球能量与水循环亚洲季风试验强化观测区-淮河史灌河流域,对流域内梅山水库与鲇鱼山水库进行入库洪水预报实例研究。结果表明:构建的数字水文模型可以很好地模拟水库入库洪水过程,满足实时洪水预报精度的要求。这对充分利用现有空间技术和空间数据进行降雨-径流模拟并改进水文预报方法提供了研究途径。
Based on the digital elevation model, taking into account the variability of spatial distribution of watersheds, a digital elevation model is established, on the basis of which the watershed is discretized, and the sub-units of production and runoff are divided and the weight of each sub-unit is calculated. A digital hydrological model based on digital elevation model was established by coupling the constructed digital elevation model and the lumped hydrological model - Xin’anjiang model. The theoretical model is implemented as a computer software system for hydrological forecasting by means of client server. The system is applied to the Shiyan River Basin in the Asian monsoon test area of the global energy and water cycle, and to the Inner Meishan Reservoir and the Bayuishan Reservoir in the basin Case Study of Reservoir Flood Forecasting. The results show that the constructed digital hydrological model can well simulate the reservoir flood process and meet the requirements of real-time flood forecasting accuracy. This provides a research avenue to make full use of available space technologies and spatial data for rainfall-runoff modeling and to improve hydrological forecasting methods.