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目的分析职业接触二硫化碳对作业人员神经-肌电图检查异常的影响,以及异常结果出现部位和类别的相关性。方法采用流行病学现况调查方法,收集2015至2016年南京市某企业职业接触二硫化碳作业人员的调查问卷及神经-肌电图(检测正中、尺、腓总、胫后等四组神经)检查资料并进行整理,分析二硫化碳对职业接触者神经-肌电图的影响因素和异常指标出现的部位、类型及其之间的关系。统计学检验水准取α=0.05,采用R×C表χ2检验分割法时,检验水准校正为α’=0.0083。结果职业接触二硫化碳作业人员出现神经-肌电图检查异常的因素中,性别、吸烟、经常饮酒与神经-肌电图检查异常未显示相关性(P均>0.05);接触年限长是影响神经-肌电图异常的危险因素(H=18.3850,P<0.01),从0至30年以上每5年为1个等级分为7组,以5年以下组为基准,其余6个组发生神经-肌电图异常的OR值分别为1.45、5.29、4.17、4.54、8.54、5.21。运动神经异常率明显高于感觉神经,运动神经潜伏期延长率明显高于波幅降低率(P均<0.01)。四组受检神经异常总体比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);胫后神经异常率(6.59%)分别低于正中神经(32.97%)、尺神经(41.76%)和腓总神经(28.57%)三组的异常率(P均<0.0083);正中、尺、腓总神经异常率之间两两比较均无统计学差异(P均>0.0083)。每组受检神经的左右侧异常率比较差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论职业接触二硫化碳作业人员神经-肌电图异常的出现与接触年限有关,随着工龄的延长,异常出现的可能性增加。运动神经异常率明显高于感觉神经,胫后神经异常率最低,各组神经异常率与左右侧别未显示相关性。
Objective To analyze the effects of occupational exposure to carbon disulfide on the abnormality of neuromuscular examination in workers and the correlation between site and type of abnormal results. Methods A questionnaire survey of occupational exposure to carbon disulfide in a certain enterprise in Nanjing from 2015 to 2016 was collected and the neuromyo-EMG (including four groups of nerves) was collected from the epidemiological survey. Data were collected and analyzed. The influencing factors of nerve-EMG of occupational contacts and the site, type and relationship between abnormal carbon index and carbon disulfide were analyzed. Statistics test level take α = 0.05, using R × C table χ2 test segmentation method, the test level correction is α ’= 0.0083. Results There was no correlation between sex, smoking, regular drinking and neuromyo-EMG abnormalities in occupational exposure to carbon disulfide workers (P> 0.05) Electromyography abnormalities risk factors (H = 18.3850, P <0.01), from 0 to 30 years every 5 years for a grade is divided into 7 groups to 5 years in the group as the benchmark, the remaining 6 groups occurred neuro- EMG abnormality OR values were 1.45,5.29,4.17,4.54,8.54,5.21. Motor nerve abnormalities were significantly higher than the sensory nerve, motor nerve latency was significantly higher than the rate of decrease (P <0.01). There were significant differences in the abnormalities of the examined nerves among the four groups (P <0.01). The abnormal rates of the posterior tibial nerve (6.59%) were lower than those of the median nerve (32.97%), ulnar nerve (41.76%) and common peroneal nerve (28.57% %) In the three groups (all P <0.0083). There was no significant difference in the abnormal rates of the median, ulnar and common peroneal nerves (P> 0.0083). There was no significant difference in the abnormal rate of left and right sides of each group (P> 0.05). Conclusion The appearance of neuromyo-EMG abnormality in occupational exposure to carbon disulfide workers is related to the contact duration. As the length of service increases, the possibility of abnormalities increases. Motor nerve abnormalities were significantly higher than the sensory nerve, posterior tibial nerve abnormal rate of the lowest, abnormal nerve rate in each group and the left and right sides did not show correlation.