本文对１２２例呼吸衰竭患儿在气管插管机械呼吸后出现的并发症作了回顾分析。病例中男８１例，女４１例，其中婴幼儿占８６％。并发症主要有气管插管损伤、气压伤、肺不张、插管脱出、插管堵塞及肺部继发感染等，其中以气胸后果最严重，病死率达６９％。作者认为导致并发症的主要因素与气管插管机械呼吸的技术、质量和管理，以及年龄和疾病等有关，在防治上应以预防为主，利用电子监护观察病情，及早发现和处理。并应加强医务人员的技术培训。 In this paper, 122 cases of respiratory failure in children with mechanical ventilation after tracheal complications occurred were retrospectively analyzed. There were 81 males and 41 females, of which 86% were infants. Complications were mainly tracheal intubation injury, barotrauma, atelectasis, intubation, intubation and secondary pulmonary infection, of which the most serious pneumothorax results, the mortality rate of 69%. The authors believe that the main factors leading to complications and mechanical ventilation tracheal intubation technology, quality and management, as well as age and disease related to prevention and treatment should be based on prevention, the use of electronic surveillance to observe the disease, early detection and treatment. And medical staff should strengthen technical training.