1859年,英国生物学家达尔文发表了《物种起源》,用自然选择,适者生存、生存竞争、优胜劣汰来解释生物界发展的规律,提出了以自然选择为基础的生物进化论。优生学在进化论的影响下应运而生。达尔文的表弟高尔顿深受进化论的激励,把注意力转向于改善人类后代素质的研究,提 In 1859, the British biologist Darwin published The Origin of Species, explaining the law of the development of the biological world with natural selection, survival of the fittest, survival competition, survival of the fittest, and put forward the biological evolutionism based on natural selection. Eugenics came into being under the influence of evolution. Darwin’s cousin, Galton, was deeply motivated by evolution and turned his attention to the study of improving the quality of future generations of mankind.