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由 Vail 等(1977)确定的全球海面变动历史,是由从新生代底界到上新世—更新世界线之间(65到1.8百万年)的23个海面升降周期组成的。我们考察了这段全球海面变动历史与新西兰和澳大利亚大陆边缘的浅海沉积记录和深海沉积、沉积缺失和侵蚀的记录之间的关系。同时又考察了它们与极地冰川作用历史的关系。澳大利亚新生代大陆边缘海相层系中一系列沉积周期是以间断长短各不相同的不整合面为界的。新生代时澳大利亚西缘和西南缘大地构造上的稳定和干旱气候产生了以间断为主的沉积记录。这与大地构造上较为活动的东南部边缘盆地的较完整的层系成鲜明对照。澳大利亚新生代有4个主要周期,即古新世到早始新世;中始新世到晚始新世;渐新世末到中中新世晚期以及中新世末到第四纪,它们与 Vail 等(1977)提出的超周期 Ta,Tb,Tc,Td 和 Te 相当。在新西兰,新生代的大部分期显示出典型的沉积周期,它们以不整合面或相应的整合面为界,这些界面是由大规模快速海面变化造成的。新西兰海相第三纪层系由23个期组成。在18个介于古新世末(53百万年)与中新世末5百万年之间的期界中,有16个似乎相当于海面升降周期的界线。在新西兰,海面低位已被良好地记录(以不整合面为标志),这是它在新生代时的独特的大地构造位置造成的。在到中渐新世为止的大部分新生代早期,随着太平洋—澳大利亚板块边界迁移到新西兰,这个地区开始抬升。到新生代末(晚上新世—第四纪)抬升达到顶点,因此出露了可供研究沉积周期的,近乎完整的海相新生代层系。由海面升降变动形成的不整合面,是一个十分有用的对比工具,特别在有充足的陆源沉积物补给的大陆边缘,这种不整合面可用来补给古生物的对比。就对比来说,不整合面最终可用性决定于海面变动速度,或者决定于反映海面变动的沉积相变化的速度.如果象 Vail 等(1977)提出的那样,海面变化是迅速的(10米/1,000年),则地层分层率就高(±10~5年);相反,如果海面变动减缓,地层分层率也下降。把不整合面用于地层学,将被证明是一个对比全世界典型的陆地剖面与深海剖面的重要工具。海面升降变动也相当明显地影响陆源物质与可溶物质向深海的补给,因而可推测这种变动地部分地控制了生物沉积量。海进捕获了陆源物质和有机碳,而限制了可溶物质向开阔大洋的补给,因而在深海中增强了碳酸盐的溶解。深海沉积间断次数变化的历史似乎直接与海面升降变动有关,高的海面导致沉积间断次数达到最多;而低的海面使沉积间断次数最少。底流以及大洋水对生物骨骸物质的侵蚀作用,似乎也直接影响到深海沉积间断的次数。
The global history of sea level change, as determined by Vail et al. (1977), consists of 23 sea-level movements between the Cenozoic bottom line and the Pliocene-Pleistocene line (65 to 1.8 million years). We examine the relationship between this global history of ocean surface changes and the records of shallow sea sediments and deep-sea sediments, sediments and erosion on the margins of New Zealand and Australia. At the same time, the relationship between them and the history of polar glaciers has also been investigated. A series of sedimentary cycles in the continental margins of the Cenozoic continental margin of Australia are bounded by unconformities with varying lengths of discontinuities. During the Cenozoic, the stable and arid climate of the tectonic anomalies in the western and southern margins of Australia created a sedimentary record based on discontinuities. This contrasts sharply with the more complete stratigraphy of the more active southeastern marginal basin of the earth. The Australian Cenozoic has four major cycles: Paleocene to early Eocene; Middle Eocene to late Eocene; Late Oligocene to Middle Miocene and Late Miocene to Quaternary Equivalent to the super-periods Ta, Tb, Tc, Td and Te proposed by Vail et al. (1977). In New Zealand, the majority of the Cenozoic shows typical depositional cycles that are bounded by unconformities or corresponding consolidation surfaces caused by large-scale rapid sea-level changes. The New Zealand marine facies is composed of 23 periods. Of the 18 demarcations between the end of the Paleocene (53 million years) and the 5 million years of the Miocene, it appears that 16 correspond to the line of the sea surface lift cycle. In New Zealand, the low sea level has been well documented (in terms of unconformities) as a result of its unique geotectonic position during the Cenozoic. Most of the Eocene up to the mid-Miocene, the area began to rise as the Pacific-Australian plate boundary migrated to New Zealand. Up to the end of the Cenozoic (Late Pleistocene - Quaternary) uplift culminated in the discovery of a nearly complete marine Cenozoic strata that could be used to study depositional cycles. The unconformity created by sea surface movements is a useful contrasting tool, especially on the margin of the continent where there is sufficient supply of terrestrial sediments, which can be used to supplement paleontological contrasts. In contrast, the ultimate availability of an unconformity depends on the rate of change in the sea surface, or on the rate of change of sedimentary facies reflecting changes in the sea surface. If, as Vail et al. (1977) suggested, the sea surface changes rapidly (10 m / 1,000 Year), stratigraphic stratification rates are high (± 10 to 5 years); conversely, stratigraphic stratification rates also decline if changes in the sea surface slow down. Using unconformities in stratigraphy will prove to be an important tool to compare typical land and deep sea profiles around the world. Changes in sea-level movements also significantly affect the supply of terrestrial and soluble matter to the deep sea, so that it is speculated that this change partially controls the amount of sediment deposited. Seabed captured both terrestrial and organic carbon, limiting the supply of soluble matter to the open ocean, thereby enhancing the dissolution of carbonate in the deep ocean. The history of changes in the number of deep-sea sedimentary episodes appears to be directly related to sea level fluctuations, with the highest sea surface leading to the highest number of sedimentary discontinuities while the low sea surface minimizing sedimentary discontinuities. The underflow and the erosion of biological bones by ocean water also seem to have a direct impact on the number of intermittent deep-sea sediments.