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开发具有高特异性、高灵敏度、低毒性的影像探针是推动肿瘤分子影像技术发展的核心。天然表达纯化的蛋白纳米笼作为一种能够在生物体内外自组装形成特定笼状结构的纳米粒子，具有粒度高度分散均一、优良生物相容性和生物可降解性以及工程化改造方法简单多样等优势，已被广泛应用于开发各类肿瘤分子影像探针。该文从天然蛋白纳米笼的种类和特性、工程化改造方法以及其在肿瘤分子影像的应用几个方面来综述其研究进展。“,”The development of efficient molecular imaging probes with high specificity, high sensitivity, and low toxicity is the core in promoting the development of cancer molecular imaging technology. Natural expressed purified protein-based nanocage with self-assembling ability to form intrinsically cavity structure has been widely used to prepare various molecular imaging probes of cancer for its ideal physical properties, excellent biological compatibility, exceptional biodegradability as well as diverse engineering strategies. This paper focuses on the research progress of natural protein-based nanocage from the following aspects: various types of protein-based nanocages of different origins and compositions, cargos loading mechanisms, functionalization strategies, and their recent advances in cancer molecular imaging.