目的:探讨放射科发生误诊和漏诊的原因,提出相应防范措施。方法:选取2013年1月~2016年3月在放射科检查的1524例患者为研究对象,通过回顾性分析,寻找放射科发生误诊、漏诊的原因,提出事项和防范措施。结果:误诊95例,误诊率6.23%;漏诊41例,漏诊率2.69%。造成放射科误诊、漏诊的原因主要包括临床医师或放射科技师综合素质偏低、射片投照条件或投照位置不合适、检查时间较短和患者检查前准备不足等。结论:放射科的误诊、漏诊是可以预防的,采用提高临床医师、放射技师和放射诊断医师的专业素质,帮助患者做好检查前准备,定期更新维护设备等防范措施能有效降低误诊率和漏诊率。 Objective: To investigate the causes of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of radiology department and put forward corresponding preventive measures. Methods: From January 2013 to March 2016, 1524 patients who underwent radiological examination were selected as research objects. The causes of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of radiologists were retrospectively analyzed, and the items and preventive measures were put forward. Results: 95 cases were misdiagnosed, the rate of misdiagnosis was 6.23%, 41 cases were missed and the rate of misdiagnosis was 2.69%. The causes of misdiagnosis and misdiagnosis of radiology include mainly the low overall quality of clinicians or radiologists, the unsuccessful conditions of shooting radiographs or placement of radiographs, the short examination time and the lack of preparation before examination. Conclusion: Misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of radiology can be prevented. The professional quality of clinicians, radiographers and diagnostic radiologists can be improved. Pre-examination preparation, routine maintenance and equipment maintenance can be implemented to reduce the misdiagnosis rate and missed diagnosis rate.