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摘 要: 全缘凤尾蕨资源丰富且在贵州分布广泛,具有清热利湿、活血消肿的功效。为了探明该植物的物质基础、寻找相关的活性成分和先导化合物,该文用95%甲醇对全缘凤尾蕨地上部分浸渍提取,采用硅胶、MCI gel CHP 20P、YMC gel ODS-A-HG、Sephadex LH-20等色谱技术对全缘凤尾蕨的化学成分进行分离纯化,根据波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果表明:从全缘凤尾蕨中分离得到18个化合物,分别鉴定为 (-)-α-tocospirone(1)、环鸦片甾烯醇(2)、(2S,3S)-pterosin C(3)、(2R,3S)-pterosin C(4)、pterosin B(5)、pterosin F(6)、α-紫罗兰酮A(7)、sauropunol C/D(8/8’)、ficusol(9)、棕榈酸(10)、2-dodec-2-enyl-succinic acid dimethyl ester(11)、methyl-9-phenyl-10-hydroxyoctadecanoate(12)、十六烷酸甘油酯(13)、methyl elaidate(14)、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八烷二烯酸甲酯(15)、(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-十八烷三烯酸甲酯(16)、胡萝卜苷(17)、β-谷甾醇(18)。所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。该研究结果为合理利用其资源奠定了科学基础。
关键词: 凤尾蕨属, 全缘凤尾蕨, 化学成分, 分离纯化, 结构鉴定
中图分类号: Q946 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-3142(2021)07-1046-08
Abstract: Pteris insignis, which has the medical function of clearing heat and draining dampness as well as activating blood to subside swelling, is widely distributed and rich in resources in Guizhou. As far as we know, there is no literature report on the study of its chemical constituents and biological activity. The purpose of this paper was to explore the material basis of this species, to reveal the related bioactive constituents and lead compounds. The aerial part of P. insignis was extracted with 95% methanol to give crude extract, which was then isolated and purified by silica gel, MCI gel CHP 20P, YMC gel ODS-A-HG and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The structures of obtained compounds were deduced by the analysis of comprehensive spectral data. Eighteen compounds were isolated and identified as (-)-α-tocospirone (1), cyclolaudenol (2), (2S,3S)-pterosin C (3), (2R,3S)-pterosin C (4), pterosin B (5), pterosin F (6), α-ionone A(7), sauropunol C/D (8/8’), ficusol (9), palmitic acid (10), 2-dodec-2-enyl-succinic acid dimethyl ester (11), methyl-9-phenyl-10-hydroxyoctadecanoate (12), hexadecanoic acid-2,3-dihydroxy-propyl ester (13), methyl elaidate (14), (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester (15), (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid ester (16), carotenoid (17), β-sitosterol (18). All the compounds were isolated from P. insignis for the first time. The results of this study will lay a scientific foundation for the rational use of its resources.
Key words: Pteris L., Pteris insignis, chemical constituents, isolation and purification, structure identification
全緣凤尾蕨(Pteris insignis)为凤尾蕨科(Pteridaceae)凤尾蕨属(Pteris L.)植物,《中国蕨类植物图谱》《贵州蕨类植物志》《贵州石松类和蕨类植物志》等专著均有记载(秦仁昌,1930;王培善和王筱英,2001;王培善和潘炉台,2018)。该植物具有清热利湿、活血消肿的功效,内服治疗痢疾、黄疸、淋证、咽喉肿痛、瘰疬等,外用治疗风湿骨痛、跌打损伤等(潘炉台,2012)。贵州少数民族地区常用该植物全草治疗咽喉肿痛及颈、项、下颔等部位的各种肿块。近年来,本课题组在民族医药调研基础上,先后对其同属植物狭叶凤尾蕨(Li et al., 2015)、岩凤尾蕨(李宛霏等,2016)、银叶凤尾蕨(邹娟等,2019)等化学成分进行了研究,从中发现了系列具有抗HIV、抗肿瘤、抗菌作用的活性成分。为了继续寻找该属植物中活性成分和先导化合物,我们对全缘凤尾蕨的化学成分进行了研究,从该植物地上部分共分离得到18个化合物(图1),分别鉴定为(-)-α-tocospirone(1)、环鸦片甾烯醇(2)、(2S,3S)-pterosin C(3)、(2R,3S)-pterosin C(4)、pterosin B(5)、pterosin F(6)、α-紫罗兰酮A(7)、sauropunol C/D(8/8’)、ficusol(9)、棕榈酸(10)、2-dodec-2-enyl-succinic acid dimethyl ester(11)、methyl-9-phenyl-10-hydroxyoctadecanoate(12)、十六烷酸甘油酯(13)、methyl elaidate(14)、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八烷二烯酸甲酯(15)、(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-十八烷三烯酸甲酯(16)、胡萝卜苷(17)、β-谷甾醇(18)。所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。 化合物13 白色粉末,EI-MS m/z:330 [M]+,碎片离子峰239和一个十六碳脂肪酸 [M-OH] +的碎片质量相同,330与239的差值和甘油 [M-H] +的碎片质量相同。1H-NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 0.88 (3H, t, J=7.5 Hz, H-16), 1.31-1.25 (24H, m, H-4-H-15), 1.65 (2H, m, H-3), 2.35 (2H, t, J=7.5 Hz, H-2), 3.60 (1H, dd, J=11.4, 5.8 Hz), 3.70 (1H, dd, J=11.4, 3.7 HZ, H-3’a), 3.93 (1H, m, H-2’), 4.21 (1H, dd, J=11.7, 4.5 HZ, H-1’a), 4.15 (1H, dd, J=11.7, 6.2 HZ, H-1’b); 13C-NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 174.4 (C-1), 34.2 (C-2), 24.9 (C-3), 29.4 (C-4), 29.1 (C-5), 29.5 (C-6), 29.7 (C-7-C-12), 29.3 (C-13), 31.9 (C-14), 22.7 (C-15), 14.1 (C-16), 65.2 (C-1’), 70.3 (C-2’), 63.3 (C-3’)。以上数据与文献柳全文等(2006)的报道基本一致,故鉴定化合物13为十六烷酸甘油酯。
化合物14 无色油状,1H-NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 0.88 (3H, t, J=7.5 HZ, H3-19), 1.30-1.25 (22H, m, H-4-H-7, H-12-H-18), 1.63-1.59 (2H, m, H-3), 2.03-1.99 (4H, m, H-8, 11), 2.32 (2H, t, J =7.5 HZ, H-2), 3.67 (3H, s, H-OCH3), 5.35-5.34 (2H, m, H-9, 10); 13C-NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 174.3 (C-1), 34.1 (C-2), 25.0 (C-3), 27.2 (C-4), 27.2 (C-5), 29.1 (C-6), 29.2 (C-7), 29.3 (C-8), 130.0 (C-9), 129.8 (C-10), 29.3 (C-11), 29.5 (C-12), 29.5 (C-13), 29.7 (C-14), 29.8 (C-15), 31.9 (C-16), 22.7 (C-17), 14.1 (C-18), 51.4 (C-OCH3)。以上数据与文献Thao et al.(2009)的报道基本一致,故鉴定化合物14为methyl elaidate。
化合物15 浅黄色油状液体,1H-NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 0.90 (3H, t, J = 7.0 Hz, H-18), 1.38-1.27 (14H, m, H-4-H-7, H-15 - H-17), 1.67-1.62 (2H, m, H-3), 2.09-2.04 (4H, m, H-8, 14), 2.32 (2H, t, J = 7.6 Hz, H-2), 2.78 (2H, t, J = 6.5 Hz, H-11), 3.68 (3H, s, H-OCH3), 5.42-5.31 (4H, m, H-9, 10, 12, 13). 13C-NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 174.3 (C-1), 34.2 (C-2), 25.0 (C-3), 29.0 (C-4), 29.4 (C-5), 29.4 (C-6), 29.5 (C-7), 27.1 (C-8), 129.9 (C-9), 128.0 (C-10), 25.7 (C-11), 128.4 (C-12), 130.4 (C-13), 27.3 (C-14), 29.4 (C-15), 31.6 (C-16), 22.7 (C-17), 14.2 (C-18), 51.5 (C-OCH3)。以上数据与文献Huh et al.(2010)的报道基本一致,故鉴定化合物15为(Z,Z)-9,12-十八烷二烯酸甲酯。
化合物16 浅黄色油状液体,1H-NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 1.00 (3H, t, J=9.0 Hz, CH3, H-18), 1.41-1.26 (8H, m, H-4-H-7), 1.68-1.63 (2H, m, H-3), 2.11-2.07 (4H, m, H-8, 17), 2.33 (2H, J=7.6 Hz, H-2), 2.82 (4H, t, J=9.0 Hz, H-11, 14), 3.69 (3H, s, H-OCH3), 5.41-5.34 (6H, m, H-9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16); 13C-NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 174.2 (C-1), 34.1 (C-2),24.9 (C-3), 28.8 (C-4), 29.2 (C-5), 29.4 (C-6), 29.7 (C-7), 27.0 (C-8), 130.0 (C-9), 127.9 (C-10), 25.6 (C-11), 128.2 (C-12), 128.3 (C-13), 25.5 (C-14), 127.1 (C-15), 131.9 (C-16), 20.6 (C-17), 14.3 (C-18), 51.5 (C-OCH3)。以上數据与文献张龙等(2012)的报道基本一致,故鉴定化合物16为(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-十八烷三烯酸甲酯。
化合物17 白色粉末,1H-NMR (500 MHz, C5D5N) δ: 0.75 (3H, s, H-18), 0.94-1.08 (15H, m, 5 × H-CH3), 4.04-4.66 (5H, m, H-2’-6’), 5.14 (1H, d, J = 7.5 Hz, H-1’), 5.38-5.43 (1H, m, H-6); 13C-NMR (125 MHz, C5D5N) δ: 37.3 (C-1), 30.1 (C-2), 71.5 (C-3), 42.3 (C-4), 140.9 (C-5), 121.7 (C-6), 31.9 (C-7), 32.0 (C-8), 50.2 (C-9), 36.7 (C-10), 21.1 (C-11), 39.2 (C-12), 39.8 (C-13), 56.6 (C-14), 24.3 (C-15), 28.4 (C-16), 56.1 (C-17), 12.0 (C-18), 19.2 (C-19), 36.2 (C-20), 19.0 (C-21), 34.0 (C-22), 26.2 (C-23), 45.8 (C-24), 29.5 (C-25), 20.0 (C-26), 18.9 (C-27), 23.2 (C-28), 11.8 (C-29), Glc: 102.4 (C-1’), 78.4 (C-2’), 78.3 (C-3’), 75.1 (C-4’), 77.9 (C-5’), 62.6 (C-6’)。以上数据与文献李玉林等(2004)的报道基本一致,故鉴定化合物17为胡萝卜苷。 化合物18 白色针晶(氯仿),1H-NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 0.68 (3H, s, H-18), 0.81 (3H, br d, J=6.8 Hz, H-29), 0.83 (3H, t, J=2.1 Hz, H-26), 0.84 (3H, d, J = 2.2 Hz, H-27), 0.92 (3H, t, J=6.5 Hz, H-21), 1.01 (3H, s, H-19), 3.52 (1H, m, H-3), 5.35 (1H, d, J = 5.2 Hz, H-6); 13C-NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 37.3 (C-1), 31.9 (C-2), 71.8 (C-3), 40.0 (C-4), 140.8 (C-5), 121.7 (C-6), 31.9 (C-7), 31.7 (C-8), 50.1 (C-9), 36.5 (C-10), 21.1 (C-11), 39.8 (C-12), 42.3 (C-13), 56.8 (C-14), 24.3 (C-15), 28.3 (C-16), 56.1 (C-17), 11.9 (C-18), 19.8 (C-19), 36.2 (C-20), 18.8 (C-21), 33.9 (C-22), 26.1 (C-23), 45.8 (C-24), 29.2 (C-25), 19.4 (C-26), 19.1 (C-27), 23.1 (C-28), 12.0 (C-29)。以上数据与文献刘志平等(2007)的报道基本一致,故鉴定化合物18为β-谷甾醇。
3 讨论与结论
奇特的地貌和湿润的气候,使得贵州成为我国盛产蕨类植物的地区之一,仅凤尾蕨科凤尾蕨属植物的分布就有34种(王培善和潘炉台,2018),入药18种(潘炉台,2012),药用蕨类资源丰富。因此,本课题组开展黔产凤尾蕨属植物的化学成分及活性研究,以寻找结构新颖又具活性的化合物,为该属植物资源的合理利用奠定了科学基础。
文献调研显示,迄今未见全缘凤尾蕨化学成分的文献报道,该文为其化学成分研究的首次报道,具有一定的新颖性和原创性。本次从该植物中共分离鉴定了18个化合物,结构类型包括2个三萜类、4个倍半萜类、1个紫罗兰酮类、7个脂肪族类、2个甾体类和2个其他类。所得化合物的类型丰富多样,较好地充实了凤尾蕨属植物和天然产物的研究内容,提供了相关化合物来源的数据和途径。
文献报道,凤尾蕨属植物主要含二萜类化合物及其苷、倍半萜类化合物及其苷和黄酮类化合物等。但是,本次研究未分离到二萜化合物,却分离到4个倍半萜,其骨架为1-氢-茚-1-酮(含有14个或15个碳原子),进一步印证了倍半萜类化合物是凤尾蕨属植物的特征性成分。其中,分离得到的pterosin B是一个具有抗肿瘤活性的倍半萜,对HL-60细胞显示出一定的细胞毒性作用(Chen et al., 2008)。课题组后期将进一步对所得倍半萜化合物进行活性筛选研究。另外,文献显示凤尾蕨属植物中所得其他化合物也有较好的抗肿瘤、抑制血小板聚集、抗炎、抗菌等作用(余有贵等,2001;龚先玲等,2007)。今后,我们将有目的、有侧重点地进行深入研究,期望能发现结构新颖、活性显著的化合物。
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(责任编辑 蒋巧媛)
关键词: 凤尾蕨属, 全缘凤尾蕨, 化学成分, 分离纯化, 结构鉴定
中图分类号: Q946 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-3142(2021)07-1046-08
Abstract: Pteris insignis, which has the medical function of clearing heat and draining dampness as well as activating blood to subside swelling, is widely distributed and rich in resources in Guizhou. As far as we know, there is no literature report on the study of its chemical constituents and biological activity. The purpose of this paper was to explore the material basis of this species, to reveal the related bioactive constituents and lead compounds. The aerial part of P. insignis was extracted with 95% methanol to give crude extract, which was then isolated and purified by silica gel, MCI gel CHP 20P, YMC gel ODS-A-HG and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The structures of obtained compounds were deduced by the analysis of comprehensive spectral data. Eighteen compounds were isolated and identified as (-)-α-tocospirone (1), cyclolaudenol (2), (2S,3S)-pterosin C (3), (2R,3S)-pterosin C (4), pterosin B (5), pterosin F (6), α-ionone A(7), sauropunol C/D (8/8’), ficusol (9), palmitic acid (10), 2-dodec-2-enyl-succinic acid dimethyl ester (11), methyl-9-phenyl-10-hydroxyoctadecanoate (12), hexadecanoic acid-2,3-dihydroxy-propyl ester (13), methyl elaidate (14), (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester (15), (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid ester (16), carotenoid (17), β-sitosterol (18). All the compounds were isolated from P. insignis for the first time. The results of this study will lay a scientific foundation for the rational use of its resources.
Key words: Pteris L., Pteris insignis, chemical constituents, isolation and purification, structure identification
全緣凤尾蕨(Pteris insignis)为凤尾蕨科(Pteridaceae)凤尾蕨属(Pteris L.)植物,《中国蕨类植物图谱》《贵州蕨类植物志》《贵州石松类和蕨类植物志》等专著均有记载(秦仁昌,1930;王培善和王筱英,2001;王培善和潘炉台,2018)。该植物具有清热利湿、活血消肿的功效,内服治疗痢疾、黄疸、淋证、咽喉肿痛、瘰疬等,外用治疗风湿骨痛、跌打损伤等(潘炉台,2012)。贵州少数民族地区常用该植物全草治疗咽喉肿痛及颈、项、下颔等部位的各种肿块。近年来,本课题组在民族医药调研基础上,先后对其同属植物狭叶凤尾蕨(Li et al., 2015)、岩凤尾蕨(李宛霏等,2016)、银叶凤尾蕨(邹娟等,2019)等化学成分进行了研究,从中发现了系列具有抗HIV、抗肿瘤、抗菌作用的活性成分。为了继续寻找该属植物中活性成分和先导化合物,我们对全缘凤尾蕨的化学成分进行了研究,从该植物地上部分共分离得到18个化合物(图1),分别鉴定为(-)-α-tocospirone(1)、环鸦片甾烯醇(2)、(2S,3S)-pterosin C(3)、(2R,3S)-pterosin C(4)、pterosin B(5)、pterosin F(6)、α-紫罗兰酮A(7)、sauropunol C/D(8/8’)、ficusol(9)、棕榈酸(10)、2-dodec-2-enyl-succinic acid dimethyl ester(11)、methyl-9-phenyl-10-hydroxyoctadecanoate(12)、十六烷酸甘油酯(13)、methyl elaidate(14)、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八烷二烯酸甲酯(15)、(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-十八烷三烯酸甲酯(16)、胡萝卜苷(17)、β-谷甾醇(18)。所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。 化合物13 白色粉末,EI-MS m/z:330 [M]+,碎片离子峰239和一个十六碳脂肪酸 [M-OH] +的碎片质量相同,330与239的差值和甘油 [M-H] +的碎片质量相同。1H-NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 0.88 (3H, t, J=7.5 Hz, H-16), 1.31-1.25 (24H, m, H-4-H-15), 1.65 (2H, m, H-3), 2.35 (2H, t, J=7.5 Hz, H-2), 3.60 (1H, dd, J=11.4, 5.8 Hz), 3.70 (1H, dd, J=11.4, 3.7 HZ, H-3’a), 3.93 (1H, m, H-2’), 4.21 (1H, dd, J=11.7, 4.5 HZ, H-1’a), 4.15 (1H, dd, J=11.7, 6.2 HZ, H-1’b); 13C-NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 174.4 (C-1), 34.2 (C-2), 24.9 (C-3), 29.4 (C-4), 29.1 (C-5), 29.5 (C-6), 29.7 (C-7-C-12), 29.3 (C-13), 31.9 (C-14), 22.7 (C-15), 14.1 (C-16), 65.2 (C-1’), 70.3 (C-2’), 63.3 (C-3’)。以上数据与文献柳全文等(2006)的报道基本一致,故鉴定化合物13为十六烷酸甘油酯。
化合物14 无色油状,1H-NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 0.88 (3H, t, J=7.5 HZ, H3-19), 1.30-1.25 (22H, m, H-4-H-7, H-12-H-18), 1.63-1.59 (2H, m, H-3), 2.03-1.99 (4H, m, H-8, 11), 2.32 (2H, t, J =7.5 HZ, H-2), 3.67 (3H, s, H-OCH3), 5.35-5.34 (2H, m, H-9, 10); 13C-NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 174.3 (C-1), 34.1 (C-2), 25.0 (C-3), 27.2 (C-4), 27.2 (C-5), 29.1 (C-6), 29.2 (C-7), 29.3 (C-8), 130.0 (C-9), 129.8 (C-10), 29.3 (C-11), 29.5 (C-12), 29.5 (C-13), 29.7 (C-14), 29.8 (C-15), 31.9 (C-16), 22.7 (C-17), 14.1 (C-18), 51.4 (C-OCH3)。以上数据与文献Thao et al.(2009)的报道基本一致,故鉴定化合物14为methyl elaidate。
化合物15 浅黄色油状液体,1H-NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 0.90 (3H, t, J = 7.0 Hz, H-18), 1.38-1.27 (14H, m, H-4-H-7, H-15 - H-17), 1.67-1.62 (2H, m, H-3), 2.09-2.04 (4H, m, H-8, 14), 2.32 (2H, t, J = 7.6 Hz, H-2), 2.78 (2H, t, J = 6.5 Hz, H-11), 3.68 (3H, s, H-OCH3), 5.42-5.31 (4H, m, H-9, 10, 12, 13). 13C-NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 174.3 (C-1), 34.2 (C-2), 25.0 (C-3), 29.0 (C-4), 29.4 (C-5), 29.4 (C-6), 29.5 (C-7), 27.1 (C-8), 129.9 (C-9), 128.0 (C-10), 25.7 (C-11), 128.4 (C-12), 130.4 (C-13), 27.3 (C-14), 29.4 (C-15), 31.6 (C-16), 22.7 (C-17), 14.2 (C-18), 51.5 (C-OCH3)。以上数据与文献Huh et al.(2010)的报道基本一致,故鉴定化合物15为(Z,Z)-9,12-十八烷二烯酸甲酯。
化合物16 浅黄色油状液体,1H-NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 1.00 (3H, t, J=9.0 Hz, CH3, H-18), 1.41-1.26 (8H, m, H-4-H-7), 1.68-1.63 (2H, m, H-3), 2.11-2.07 (4H, m, H-8, 17), 2.33 (2H, J=7.6 Hz, H-2), 2.82 (4H, t, J=9.0 Hz, H-11, 14), 3.69 (3H, s, H-OCH3), 5.41-5.34 (6H, m, H-9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16); 13C-NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 174.2 (C-1), 34.1 (C-2),24.9 (C-3), 28.8 (C-4), 29.2 (C-5), 29.4 (C-6), 29.7 (C-7), 27.0 (C-8), 130.0 (C-9), 127.9 (C-10), 25.6 (C-11), 128.2 (C-12), 128.3 (C-13), 25.5 (C-14), 127.1 (C-15), 131.9 (C-16), 20.6 (C-17), 14.3 (C-18), 51.5 (C-OCH3)。以上數据与文献张龙等(2012)的报道基本一致,故鉴定化合物16为(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-十八烷三烯酸甲酯。
化合物17 白色粉末,1H-NMR (500 MHz, C5D5N) δ: 0.75 (3H, s, H-18), 0.94-1.08 (15H, m, 5 × H-CH3), 4.04-4.66 (5H, m, H-2’-6’), 5.14 (1H, d, J = 7.5 Hz, H-1’), 5.38-5.43 (1H, m, H-6); 13C-NMR (125 MHz, C5D5N) δ: 37.3 (C-1), 30.1 (C-2), 71.5 (C-3), 42.3 (C-4), 140.9 (C-5), 121.7 (C-6), 31.9 (C-7), 32.0 (C-8), 50.2 (C-9), 36.7 (C-10), 21.1 (C-11), 39.2 (C-12), 39.8 (C-13), 56.6 (C-14), 24.3 (C-15), 28.4 (C-16), 56.1 (C-17), 12.0 (C-18), 19.2 (C-19), 36.2 (C-20), 19.0 (C-21), 34.0 (C-22), 26.2 (C-23), 45.8 (C-24), 29.5 (C-25), 20.0 (C-26), 18.9 (C-27), 23.2 (C-28), 11.8 (C-29), Glc: 102.4 (C-1’), 78.4 (C-2’), 78.3 (C-3’), 75.1 (C-4’), 77.9 (C-5’), 62.6 (C-6’)。以上数据与文献李玉林等(2004)的报道基本一致,故鉴定化合物17为胡萝卜苷。 化合物18 白色针晶(氯仿),1H-NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 0.68 (3H, s, H-18), 0.81 (3H, br d, J=6.8 Hz, H-29), 0.83 (3H, t, J=2.1 Hz, H-26), 0.84 (3H, d, J = 2.2 Hz, H-27), 0.92 (3H, t, J=6.5 Hz, H-21), 1.01 (3H, s, H-19), 3.52 (1H, m, H-3), 5.35 (1H, d, J = 5.2 Hz, H-6); 13C-NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 37.3 (C-1), 31.9 (C-2), 71.8 (C-3), 40.0 (C-4), 140.8 (C-5), 121.7 (C-6), 31.9 (C-7), 31.7 (C-8), 50.1 (C-9), 36.5 (C-10), 21.1 (C-11), 39.8 (C-12), 42.3 (C-13), 56.8 (C-14), 24.3 (C-15), 28.3 (C-16), 56.1 (C-17), 11.9 (C-18), 19.8 (C-19), 36.2 (C-20), 18.8 (C-21), 33.9 (C-22), 26.1 (C-23), 45.8 (C-24), 29.2 (C-25), 19.4 (C-26), 19.1 (C-27), 23.1 (C-28), 12.0 (C-29)。以上数据与文献刘志平等(2007)的报道基本一致,故鉴定化合物18为β-谷甾醇。
3 讨论与结论
奇特的地貌和湿润的气候,使得贵州成为我国盛产蕨类植物的地区之一,仅凤尾蕨科凤尾蕨属植物的分布就有34种(王培善和潘炉台,2018),入药18种(潘炉台,2012),药用蕨类资源丰富。因此,本课题组开展黔产凤尾蕨属植物的化学成分及活性研究,以寻找结构新颖又具活性的化合物,为该属植物资源的合理利用奠定了科学基础。
文献调研显示,迄今未见全缘凤尾蕨化学成分的文献报道,该文为其化学成分研究的首次报道,具有一定的新颖性和原创性。本次从该植物中共分离鉴定了18个化合物,结构类型包括2个三萜类、4个倍半萜类、1个紫罗兰酮类、7个脂肪族类、2个甾体类和2个其他类。所得化合物的类型丰富多样,较好地充实了凤尾蕨属植物和天然产物的研究内容,提供了相关化合物来源的数据和途径。
文献报道,凤尾蕨属植物主要含二萜类化合物及其苷、倍半萜类化合物及其苷和黄酮类化合物等。但是,本次研究未分离到二萜化合物,却分离到4个倍半萜,其骨架为1-氢-茚-1-酮(含有14个或15个碳原子),进一步印证了倍半萜类化合物是凤尾蕨属植物的特征性成分。其中,分离得到的pterosin B是一个具有抗肿瘤活性的倍半萜,对HL-60细胞显示出一定的细胞毒性作用(Chen et al., 2008)。课题组后期将进一步对所得倍半萜化合物进行活性筛选研究。另外,文献显示凤尾蕨属植物中所得其他化合物也有较好的抗肿瘤、抑制血小板聚集、抗炎、抗菌等作用(余有贵等,2001;龚先玲等,2007)。今后,我们将有目的、有侧重点地进行深入研究,期望能发现结构新颖、活性显著的化合物。
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