目的掌握引起海南省流行性感冒(流感)流行和局部爆发的流感病毒型别、流感病毒分离的时间分布、人群分布等特征,为制定预防控制流感措施,以及与严重急性呼吸综合征、禽流感的鉴别诊断提供病原学依据。方法采集流感样病例和疑似流感爆发人群的咽拭子标本,用狗肾传代细胞分离流感病毒,采用血凝抑制试验进行病毒型别鉴定。结果海南省2004~2006年共采集1565例流感样病例咽拭子标本,分离到流感病毒219株。2004年甲3型占62.1%,乙型占37.9%,分离高峰在7~9月;2005年甲3型占67.0%,乙型占19.6%,甲1型占13.4%,高峰在4~6月;而2006年甲1型占59.2%,乙型占36.7%,甲3型仅占4.1%,1~3月即显现分离高峰,高峰持续至6月。0~9岁分离率最高,为21.91%(103/470),构成比占47.03%(103/219);病例男女性别比为1.31∶1(124/95)。结论引起海南省2004~2006年流感小规模流行和局部爆发的病毒,由甲3型、乙型逐年向甲1型、乙型转换,流行高峰从7~9月逐年提前至1~3月。应继续加强海南省流感的病原学监测,指导流感的流行病学监测和疫情处置。 Objective To understand the types of influenza virus, the time distribution of influenza virus and the population distribution in Hainan Province, which have caused the epidemic and local outbreaks of influenza (influenza). In order to make the prevention and control of influenza and to cooperate with severe acute respiratory syndrome, The differential diagnosis provides etiological evidence. Methods Throat swab specimens from influenza-like cases and suspected outbreaks of influenza were collected. Influenza virus was isolated from the passage cells of dog kidney, and the type of virus was identified by hemagglutination inhibition test. Results A total of 1565 cases of influenza-like throat swabs were collected from Hainan Province from 2004 to 2006, and 219 strains of influenza viruses were isolated. A type accounted for 62.1% in 2004, B accounted for 37.9%, the peak separation in July to September; 2005 A type accounted for 67.0%, B accounted for 19.6%, A type accounted for 13.4%, the peak in the 4 to 6 Month; in 2006, type A accounted for 59.2%, type B accounted for 36.7%, type A only 4.1%, 1 to 3 months that appeared peak separation, the peak continued to June. The highest rate of 0 ~ 9 years old was 21.91% (103/470), accounting for 47.03% (103/219). The male / female sex ratio was 1.31:1 (124/95). Conclusions The viruses causing pandemic and local outbreak of influenza in Hainan Province from 2004 to 2006 were switched from A type 3 and B type to A type 1 and B type respectively year by year and the epidemic peak was advanced from July to September every year from January to March. Hainan Province should continue to strengthen the etiological monitoring of influenza, influenza epidemiological guidance and epidemiological treatment.