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[目的]调查空调列车通风系统污染状况,为开展疾病预防工作提供科学依据及合理建议。[方法]2011年4月至6月,选取空调列车具有代表性的3个车型(25G、25T和CRH-5),每个车型分硬座、硬卧、软卧、餐车4个监测点进行监测,监测送风系统的温度、湿度、可吸入颗粒物(PM10)、新风量、空气细菌总数、真菌总数、β-溶血性链球菌指标,同时监测风管内表面积尘量、积尘细菌总数、真菌总数指标和冷凝水嗜肺军团菌指标。[结果]25G型、25T型空调列车车顶式单元空调机组通风系统冷凝水中未检出嗜肺军团菌;3个车型(25G、25T和CRH-5)空调列车车顶式单元空调机组通风系统新风量分别为(49.1±10.3)、(41.5±18.1)、(52.4±12.3)m3(/h.人),送风中相对湿度分别为(40.1±1.5)%、(29.4±7.3)%、(42.1±4.5)%,细菌总数分别为(603.7±124.0)、(643.3±331.3)、(256.5±67.7)cfu/m3,真菌总数分别为(148.7±39.7)、(216.8±227.6)、0.0cfu/m3,β-溶血性链球菌分别为(7.3±5.6)、0.0、0.0cfu/m3;风管内表面积尘量分别为(8.5±1.5)、(9.2±8.7)、(5.0±0.5)g/m2。在监测结果中,相对湿度的差异有统计学意义(F=4.6856,P=0.0115),其余监测指标的差异无统计学意义。[结论]空调列车通风系统不同程度地存在管道积尘量和送风细菌总数、真菌总数、β-溶血性链球菌的问题,相关单位应定期及时地对空调列车通风系统进行清洗、消毒,有条件的单位可安装空气净化装置,以抑制微生物生长。
[Objective] To investigate the pollution status of ventilation system of air-conditioned train and provide scientific basis and reasonable advice for disease prevention. [Methods] From April to June 2011, three representative models of air-conditioned trains (25G, 25T and CRH-5) were selected. Each model was monitored and monitored at four monitoring points: hard seat, Air temperature, humidity, particulate matter (PM10), fresh air volume, air total bacteria, total fungi, β-hemolytic streptococcus indicators, while monitoring the amount of dust on the inner surface of the duct, the total number of dust bacteria, the total number of fungi and Condensed water Legionella pneumophila indicators. [Result] Legionella pneumophila were not detected in the condensing water of 25G and 25T air-conditioned train roof units. Air-conditioned train roof unit air conditioning unit ventilation system of 3 models (25G, 25T and CRH-5) The fresh air volume was (49.1 ± 10.3), (41.5 ± 18.1) and (52.4 ± 12.3) m3 / h, respectively, and the relative humidity in the blast air was (40.1 ± 1.5)% and (29.4 ± 7.3)%, (42.1 ± 4.5)% and the total number of bacteria were (603.7 ± 124.0), (643.3 ± 331.3) and (256.5 ± 67.7) cfu / m3 respectively. The total number of fungi were 148.7 ± 39.7, 216.8 ± 227.6, / m3 and β-hemolytic streptococcus were (7.3 ± 5.6) and 0.0,0.0 cfu / m3, respectively. The amount of dust on the inner surface of duct was (8.5 ± 1.5), (9.2 ± 8.7) and (5.0 ± 0.5) g / m2. In the monitoring results, the relative humidity difference was statistically significant (F = 4.6856, P = 0.0115), the rest of the monitoring indicators showed no significant difference. [Conclusion] The air-conditioning train ventilation system had different degrees of dust accumulation in the pipeline and the total number of airborne bacteria, the total number of fungi and β-hemolytic streptococcus. Relevant units should regularly and timely clean and disinfect the ventilation system of air- The unit of condition may be equipped with an air purifier to inhibit the growth of microorganisms.