1999年6月22日至7月1日上海市水利局组团考察了荷兰王国的水资源及水利工程管理,先后访问了鹿特丹公共工程局、沃尔门别斯博斯水务管理局,实地考察了马斯河、三角洲工程、位于莱茵河下游王德海姆镇的马斯河堤防水闸改造工程,以及阿姆斯特丹的城市河道等。一、基本情况荷兰地处西欧,面临北海,面积4.1万km~2,人口1500万人。该国地势低洼,国土65%低于海平面;土质差,大部分为淤泥质土,日照少,全年约1600小时,为我国60%;植被丰茂。从12世纪兴修水利以来,至今已建成1800多km江河堤防,围海造地70万ha,占全国土地20%; From June 22 to July 1, 1999, the Shanghai Water Resources Bureau inspected the water resources and water conservancy project management in the Kingdom of the Netherlands. They visited the Rotterdam Public Works Bureau and the Walmenbergs Bolshaya Water Management Authority on a field visit The Maas River, the delta project, the reconstruction of the Maas embankment sluice located in the town of Wangdeheim on the lower Rhine, and the urban river in Amsterdam. First, the basic situation The Netherlands is located in Western Europe, facing the North Sea, an area of ​​41000 km ~ 2, a population of 15 million people. The country’s low-lying, 65% of land below sea level; poor soil, mostly silt soil, less sunshine, about 1600 hours throughout the year, 60% of our country; lush vegetation. Since the water conservancy construction was started in the 12th century, more than 1800 km of river embankments have been built so far and 700,000 ha have been built around the sea, accounting for 20% of the national land.