原发性呼吸暂停是早产儿特别是极低出生体重儿常见的症状 ,但其确切机制还不清楚。近年来 β 内啡肽及前列腺素样物质在发病中的作用日益受到关注。枸橼酸咖啡因仍为治疗早产儿呼吸暂停的首选药物 ,对于目前常规应用的甲基黄嘌呤类药物 ,除注意其常见副作用外 ,还应重视其对患儿的一些潜在的影响。前列腺素酶抑制剂消炎痛、β 内啡肽受体拮抗剂纳洛酮及吸入二氧化碳等有可能成为新的治疗药物。有关原发性早产儿呼吸暂停的预防现在还没有一种效果肯定的方法 ,有待于今后进一步研究 Primary apnea is a common symptom in preterm infants, especially in very low birth weight infants, but its exact mechanism is unclear. In recent years, β-endorphin and prostaglandin-like substances in the pathogenesis of the increasingly attention. Citrate caffeine is still the treatment of apnea in preterm children of choice for the current routine use of methylxanthines, in addition to pay attention to its common side effects, but also should pay attention to some of its potential impact on children. Prostaglandinase inhibitors indomethacin, β endorphin receptor antagonist naloxone and inhaled carbon dioxide may become a new therapeutic drug. The prevention of apnea in primary preterm infants is not yet a positive effect, pending further study in the future